1 Chapter One Research Methods2

Slide 1.
Chapter 1
The nature of business and management
research and the structure of this book
Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, Research Methods for Business Students, 5th Edition, Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2009
Slide 1.2
By the end of this chapter you

will be able
Be able to outline the purpose and distinct focus of
management research;
Be able to place your research project on a basic-applied
research continuum according to its purpose and context;
Understand the stages you will need to complete (and
revisit)as part of your research process;
Have an interview of this books purpose and structure;
Be aware of some of the ways you can use this book,
Slide 1.3
Introduction to the research process

Things to consider
Realities and pitfalls of research
Approaches, strategies and methods
Techniques and procedures for data collection and
analysis
Appropriate use of information technology
Slide 1.4
Terminology
Methods The techniques and procedures used to obtain data
Methodology The theory of how research should be undertaken
Saunders et al. (2009)

Slide 1.5
Some ways in which the term

research is used wrongly
Just collecting facts or information with no
clear purpose;
Reassembling and reordering facts or
information without interpretation
As a term to get your product or idea
noticed and respected.
Slide 1.6
Research definition
Like any other term of social science there is no
agreement in the literature on how research should be
defined. It means different things to different people.
Nevertheless, from the many different definitions
presented, there appears to be agreement that:
Research is a process of enquiry and investigation.
It is systematic and methodical.
Research enhances knowledge (Hussey and Hussey,
1997).
Slide 1.7
Research definition
Maylor and Blackman, (2005, p. 5) define research as, A
systematic process that includes defining, designing, doing
and describing an investigation into a research problem.
Having said that research subsequently includes the
process of inquiry, investigation, examination and
experimentation. These processes have to be carried out
systematically, diligently, critically, objectively and
logically. The expected end results would be to discover
new facts that will help to deal with the problem situation
Slide 1.8
Research definition
A definition for research from the Oxford
Advanced Learners Dictionary of English
(Hornby, 1995) is broadly stated as a
careful study or investigation, especially in
order to discover new facts or information.
It is evident that all the previous definitions
agree with what has been clarified by
Hussey and Hussey above
Slide 1.9
Research purpose
The specific aims of most research usually depends on what is being

investigated. Nevertheless, generally speaking, the purpose of research
can be summarised as follows (Hussey and Hussey, 1997):
To review and synthesise existing knowledge
To investigate some existing situation or problem
To provide a solution to a given dilemma or problem
To discover and analyse more general issues
To generate a new system
To explain a new phenomenon
To create a new knowledge
A combination of any of the above.
Slide 1.10
The nature of research

Definition:
Something that people undertake in order to find things out
in a systematic way, thereby increasing their knowledge
Characteristics:
Data are collected systematically
Data are interpreted systematically
There is a clear purpose to find things out
Slide 1.11
What does it suggest systemically and to

to find out things
systematic suggests that research is based
on logical relationships and not just beliefs.
to find out things suggests there are a
multiplicity of possible purposes of your
research. These may include describing,
explaining, understanding, criticizing, and
analyzing.
Slide 1.12
Features of business and management

research (1)
Managers draw on knowledge from other disciplines
Managers are more likely to allow access if they see
commercial or personal advantage
Managers now tend to be as educated as the researchers
Managers require research to have some practical
consequence
Easterby-Smith et al. (2008)
Slide 1.13
Definition of research in
Business and management
Sekran (2003) defined research in business
as an organized, systematic, data-based,
critical, objective, scientific inquiry, or
investigation into a specific problem,
undertaken with the purpose of finding
answers or solutions to it
Slide 1.14
Definition of research in
Business and management
Saunders et al defined business and
management research as undertaking
systematic research to find out things about
management and business.
Slide 1.15

research (1)
Key debates
Knowledge production
(Modes 1, 2 and 3 knowledge)
The relevance gap
Evidence based management
Basic and applied research
Slide 1.16
Mode one
Mode one knowledge creation emphasizes
research in which the questions are set and
solved by the academic interests,
emphasizing a fundamental rather than
applied nature, where there is little if any
focus on utilization of the research by
practitioners.
Slide 1.17
mode two
Mode two emphasizes a context for research
governed by the world of practice, highlights of
collaboration both with and between practitioners.
Based upon this it has been argued that research
within the mode two offers a way of bringing the
supply side of knowledge represented by
universities together with the demand sides
represented by the business.
Slide 1.18
Mode three
Knowledge production focuses on apperception of the
human condition as it might become its purpose being to
assure survival and promote the common good at various
levels of social aggregation. This emphasizes the
importance of broader issues of human relevance of
research. Consequently, in addition to research that satisfies
your intellectual curiosity for its own sake, the findings of
business and management research might also contain
practical implications, and these findings may have societal
consequences far broader and complex than perhaps
envisaged by mode 2.
Slide 1.19
Relevance gap
Draw attention to concerns resulting from the separation of
knowledge producers from knowledge users. This had the
effect of introducing a schism or what call the relevance
gap which they argue, has become more marked over
recent years, more encouragingly, academic management
research can be seen as a design science. Its mission being
to develop valid knowledge to support thoughtful,
designing practitioners. From the design science
perspective the main purpose of a cadmic research is to
develop valid knowledge to support organizational problem
solving in the field.
Slide 1.20

research (2)
Basic and applied research
Sources:
authors experience; Easterby-Smith et al. (2008); Hedrick et al. (1993)
Figure 1.1 Basic and applied research
Slide 1.21
The research process (1)

Stages of the research process
Formulating and clarifying a topic
Reviewing the literature
Designing the research
Collecting data
Analysing data
Writing up
Based on Figure 1.2: Saunders et al. (2009)
Slide 1.22
The research process (2)

Factors to consider
The impact of your personal feelings and beliefs
Access to data
Time and other resources
Validity and reliability of the data
Ethical issues
Slide 1.23
Purpose of the book

To help you undertake research by being
Clear about what you are doing
Why you are doing it
The associated implications of what you are about
to do
Slide 1.24
Overview of the Chapters (1)

Tutorials for data analysis software
Smarter Online Searching Guide
Terminology that is defined and explained
Examples of research projects
Checklists for focused guidance
Slide 1.25
Overview of the Chapters (2)

Each Chapter contains:
A summary of key points
Self- check questions and answers
Review and discussion questions
References and further reading
A case study that highlights real research issues
Slide 1.26
Final Sections
Bibliography
Appendices
Glossary
Index
Slide 1.27
Summary: Chapter 1
Business and management research
Is transdisciplinary
Engages with both theory and practice
Involves undertaking systematic research
Should be undertaken with rigour
Slide 1.28
Summary: Chapter 1
The book acts as a guide to the research process
by providing:
a series of research examples

checklists to help you acquire relevant knowledge
review and discussion questions
self-check questions - and answers
guidance as you generate material for your project report
Slide 1.29
And finally..
there is no one best way for

undertaking all research

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Slide 1.

By the end of this chapter you

Introduction to the research process

Saunders et al. (2009)

Some ways in which the term

The specific aims of most research usually depends on what is being

The nature of research

What does it suggest systemically and to

Features of business and management

Features of business and management

Features of business and management

The research process (1)

The research process (2)

Purpose of the book

Overview of the Chapters (1)

Overview of the Chapters (2)

a series of research examples

there is no one best way for

Saunders et al. (2009)

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