Motion

Distance
It is the length of a path between two
points. When an object moves in a
straight line, the distance is the length
of the line connecting the objects
starting point and its ending point.
The SI unit for measuring distance is the
meter (m).
For very large distances, it is more
common to make measurements in
kilometers (km).
Distances that are smaller than a meter
are measured in centimeters (cm).

Displacement

t is the shortestdistancefrom the initial to the finalposition

Speed

Average Speed

distance covered / time taken

v = d/t
metric unit of speed: m/s
English unit of speed: ft/s

Constant speed:

moving equal distances in equal time periods

an object covering 5 feet each second has a constant speed
of 5ft/s
If speed changes:

Average speed: average over all speeds

Instantaneous speed: speed at any given instant

Constant speed:
this car is moving in a straight line
covering a distance of 1 mi each minute.
The car, therefore, has a constant speed
of 60 mi per each 60 min, or 60 mi/hr.

{
Speed is the slope of the straight line graph of
distance (on the y-axis) versus time (on the x-axis)

Velocity

Shows how fast and in what direction an object

moves
Velocity: speed + direction of motion
it is a vector quantity
vector: A quantity that has both
magnitude (size) and direction
ex.: velocity, acceleration, force, etc.
scalar: A quantity without
direction (has only magnitude)
ex.: speed, time, distance, volume, surface area,
etc.

Velocity is a vector that we can represent

graphically with arrows. Here are three different
velocities represented by three different arrows.
The length of each arrow is proportional to the
speed and the arrowhead shows the direction of
travel.

Acceleration

Three ways to change motion:

Change speed
Change direction
Change both speed and direction at the same time
Average acceleration: change in velocity over the
time taken to make the change
vf v i
vi = initial velocity
a=
t
vf = final velocity
t = time interval
Metric unit for acceleration:
unit of velocity
= m/s= m/s2
unit of time
s
English unit for acceleration: ft/s2

30 mi/hr

60 mi/hr

60 mi/hr

30 mi/hr

Four different ways (A-D) to accelerate a car.

(A) This graph shows how the speed changes per

unit of time while driving at a constant 30 mi/hr in a
straight line. As you can see, the speed is constant,
and for straight-line motion, the acceleration is 0.

(B) This graph shows the speed increasing to 50

mi/hr when moving in a straight line for 5 s. The
acceleration is the slope of the straight line graph
of speed (on the y-axis) versus time (on the x-axis).

Thanks for watching

Made by Ishaan jain