6.

1 FORMS OF ENERGY AND ENERGY

CHANGES

DEFINE
Energy

Energy
is the ability
to do work

Energy

Kinetic
Energy
Present in object that are moving
The kinetic energy of an object increase
when it move faster.
Stationary object have zero kinetic energy.

Potential
Gravitational
Elastic
Energy Potential Energy
Potential Energy
Energy store in an
object depends on
a)its
Mass
- The bigger its
mass, the
greater its
Potential
b) Height or
energy.
position of an
object above
ground.
-Thethe
higher
its
position from
ground, the
greater its
Potential energy

Energy store in an
object that are
compressed,
stretched or bent.

Heat
Energy
Heat energy that come from hot objects
Heat energy can be detected by our hand

Light
Energy
Light energy is energy radiated by luminous
objects.
The light energy enables us to see things.

Sound
Energy
Sound energy is produced by vibrating
objects,which produce waves that can be
detected
bycan
earsbe
astransfer
sound. from one place
Sound
energy
to another place.
Sound energy travels the fastest in solid and
slowest in gas or air.

Chemical
Energy

Energy store in substance such

as food, fuels and chemicals

Electrical
Energy
Electrical energy is electric charges, which travel
through electrical conductors or wire.
Example of electrical power

Nuclear
Energy
Nuclear energy is used to generate electricity.
Obtained from elements such as plutonium
and uranium.

Conversion of Energy

Chemical
Energy
Heat Energy
Kinetic
Energy
Electrical
Energy
Light, Heat and
sound energy

Ball Rolling

When the ball is stationary- potential energy

When ball starts to rolls down the slope
convert to Kinetic Energy
Energy change from potential energy Kinetic
Energy

wing of Pendulums

Position A - Maximum potential energy

From A to X Decreasing potential energy
and an increasing of kinetic energy
Position X maximum Kinetic Energy
Position X to B decreasing Kinetic Energy and
an increasing of potential energy
Position B - Maximum potential energy

Durians

On Branch Potential energy

As its falls, Potential energy decrease
change to kinetic energy
Reaching the ground kinetic energy change to
sound and heat energy.

SITUATIO
N
A man climbing a
hill
A plant uses
sunlight to
carry out
photosynthesis
Drop a book

ENERGY CHANGE
Kinetic
energy
Light energy

on the floor
Light a
candle
A battery light
up a light bulb

Potential
energy
Chemical
energy
Chemical
energy

Rubbing a
piece of wood

Kinetic
energy

Solar heater

Solar /light
energy

solar
Calculator

Solar/light
energy

Potential energy
Chemical
energy
Kinetic
Sound
energy
energy
Light energy + Heat
energy
Light
Electrical
energy +
energy
Heat
Heat energy energy
Heat energy

Electrical energy

Sources of
Energy

Fossil fuels such as petroleum, natural gas and

coal
Water in mountain areas used to generate
hydroelectrical energy.

Heat from inside the Earth- known as

geothermal energy

Wind- to generate electrical energy

Waves- used to generate electrical energy

Animal and plants materials also known as

biomass fuels.

Radioactive metals- used to produce nuclear

energy
The Sun main source of heat and light energy

Fossil Fuels

fossil fuels such

as petroleum,
Natural gas and
Coal are formed
when dead plants
and animal are
buried in the
ground at high
temperature and
pressure

Fossil fuels will burned in power station

Function: to generate heat and
electricity energy.
Used: Petroleum as fuel to run vehicles
Natural Gas as fuels for cooking

Water

Water are collected in a dam from rain

and river to turn the turbines for
Movement
water in waves and tides
generate of
electricity.
provide kinetic energy to turn the
turbine..

Wind

Kinetic energy in wind rotates the

propeller on the windmill
The generator then converts the kinetic
energy into electrical energy
Therefore wind can generate electrical
energy.

Geothermal Energy

Geothermal energy used to heat water from

underground into steam for generating
electricity.

Biomass Energy

All the plants and animal waste will be burn

to operate machines and engines.

Sun

Mirrors used to reflect

sunlight and heat
energy onto boiler.
Boiler produces steam
to turn turbines to
generate electricity.

Primary Sources of En

Uses of Solar Energy

6.2 RENEWABLE AND NON-RENEWABLE

SOURCES OF ENERGY

Energy Sources on Earth

Wind
Geothermal
Sun
Waves
Biomass
Water

Petroleum
Natural Gas
Fossil
Coal
fuels
PlutoniumRadioacti
Uranium ve metals

Renewable
Sources

Energy

Energy sources that

cannot be replaced
and finally will used
up.
Advantages:

Energy sources that

can be replace
when they have
used up.
Advantages:
- Does not pollute the
environment
- Energy resource is
normally cheap to
use.
Disadvantages:

Wind, solar (sun),

waves, water,
biomass, geothermal

Convenient
Produce large
energy from the
fuels.
Disadvantages:

Difficult to
hardness
-Example
Costlyenergy:
to set up
-

Non- Renewable
Sources

Polluted environment
Threaten human life

Example energy:
-

Fossil fuels, Nuclear

Energy

Renewable Sources of Energy

Sources

Advantages in using
it

Solar
Energy

*Does not run out of supply

* Does not cause pollution

Geotherm
al Energy

*Does not polluted

environment
* Supplies a lot of heat
* Does not polluted
environment
* Electricity is produced
*cheaply
Does not polluted
environment
*Always Available

Hydroelect
ric power
wind

Waves

Biomass

Disadvantages in
using
it at night.
* Not
available
* Costly to install solar
panels
* Harmful substances may
be present in the steam,
limited area.
* Hydroelectric station are
expensive
* Building dam destroys
* Dependent
on the wind
habitat
speed and direction
* Generate very little
electricity

* Does not polluted

environment

* The strength of the

waves is not constant

* Remove waste organic

waste matter
* Cheap sources of energy

*Needs a large quantity of

biomass
* Release other harmful gases

on- Renewable Sources of Energy

Sources

Advantages in using
it

Fossil
Fuels
( Petroleu
m, Natural
Gas, Coal

*Supply a lot of energy

* Burns completely

Nuclear
Energy

* Very little radioactive

substance is required to
generate electricity
* Supplies a lot of Energy

Disadvantages in
using acidic
it
* Produce
gases e.g
sulphur dioxide and soot
Pollute the environment
Needs 300 million years
to formed.
Cannot be replace.
* Produce harmful
radiation and radioactive
waste
* Danger of accidents

Ways To Conserve Energy??

Energy
Efficiency

DEFINE
Energy
Efficiency of a device means
the ability of the device
to fully use the energy
that is obtains without
any wastage.

ays to Sav
e energy:

Switch off electrical appliances when appliances are not in u

Use bicycles to cycle to school or work if the distance is sho

Encourage car-pooling to decrease the number
of cars and usage of petrol
Reuse and recycle the materials because a lot
of energy is used to produce substance from
its raw form
Cut down on the use of plastics as the main
raw ingredient in the making of plastics is
petroleum.
Use energy-efficient light bulbs

Avoid using a dryer to dry clothes: instead use natural sunli

Energy efficiency at Home

6.3 THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSERVING

ENERGY SOURCES

nce of Conserving Ene

1

2
3
4

To enables the nonrenewable energy

sources
tothe
lastwastage
longer.
To reduce
of energy
To preserve the
comfort of humans
To reduce
environmental
pollutions.

The energy sources may be used and

managed in several ways, this include
1

2
3
4

5
6

Maintain the engines so

that they are always in
good
condition.
Recycle
industrial,
agricultural and
used renewable
domestic
waste. energy
sources such as wind,
Use bicycles
or public
water
and waves.
transport instead of own
transport.
Create solar-powered
vehicles
Organize campaigns
about energy
conservation.