PROCEDUR

Offering something
Would you like a cup of coffee, Mr.
Ahmad?
Should I get you a bottle of water?
Could I offer you a glass of lemonade,
Mrs. Lina?
Would you care for some salad?
Would you like to have a pancake?
Why dont you have some lemonade?
What can I get for you?

Offering help
May/Can I help you?
What can I do for you?
Would you like any help?
Is there anything I can do to help?
Would you like me to ?
Do you want me to ?
If you like, I could .
Let me do it for you.
Shall I ?
Let me
Need a hand ?

Accepting an offer
Yes, please.
If you dont mind.
That would be lovely.
Thank you.
Id like it very much.
Thank you, I would.
That would be very nice.

Declining/refusing an
offer
No, thanks.
No, I really wont, thank
you.
No, its all right.
Not for me thanks.
No, thanks. Im not

Action Verbs
Action Verbs is an action that need
an action.
Crack
Turn
Whisk
Cook
Add
Pour
Make
etc

SENTENCE
CONNECTORS
Sentence
connectors
are used for telling
actions
in
order
(showing someone how
to do something or to
make things or showing

They are:
First of all ---Then ---Next ---After that ---Finally ---Meanwhile ---Make sure you ---Be careful not to ---Remember to ---Dont forget to ---One, two, three ---First, second, third, fourth ---Then, next, after that, finally ----

IMPERATIVE
Imperative sentences are used to tell
people
how to do things or give
instructions.
To
do
so,
start
instructions with the infinitive.
e.g.
: check .
Collect .
Buy .
In addition, it is also a common
practice to use
sentence connectors
(e.g. one, two, first,
then, next,
finally, etc) in procedure.

MUST AND MUSTNT

Must is used to say that something is
necessary to be done.
e.g. : You must go now or you will
be late.

Musnt (must not) is used to say that

something is not allowed to be
done.
e.g. : She musnt say such a thing

Giving Instruction
Open the door, please!
Please close the door!
Be careful
Turn down/up the heat!
Put the plate!
Mix together then heat them in frying!
Boil uncovered/covered!
Add (to water) a cup of rice!
Turn on/off the heat!
Be quiet, will you?
Move the chair here.
Sit down, will you?
Draw a circle

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

We use the present perfect tense to express:
A recently completed action.
e.g.: He has just gone out.(He is still
out)
Past actions whose time is not definite.
e.g.: I have seen it. (So I know it)
An action beginning in the past and still
continuing to the present.
e.g.: He has worked with us for more
than a year.
(he still works with
us)
A repeated action in the past.

Pattern
Positive statement

S + have/has + adverb* + V3(past

participle) + O + adverb*
Examples:
1. I have just written a
letter for my uncle.
2. The family has just eaten
dinner.
3. My uncle has arrived.

Negative statement
S + have/has + not + V3(past
participle) + O + adverb*
Examples:
1. I have not met John
before.
2. They have not done the
work
yet.
3. She has not locked the
door yet.

Interrogative statement
Have/has + S + adverb* + V3(past
participle) + O + adverb* + ?
Examples:
1. Have you ever gone to
Bali?
2. Has Tom understood the
lesson yet?

A sentence using the present

perfect tense usually has only one
adverb of time, either in the middle

Adverb in the present perfect

Before the main verb:
Already (+,?)
Already (=to say that something has
happened sooner than expected)
e.g. Ive already posted the letter this
morning.
Just (+)
Just (=a short time ago)
e.g. Im not hungry. Ive just had lunch
Ever (?)
e.g. Have you ever seen The Matrix?
Never (-)

At the end of the sentence:

Already

(+,?)

Already (=to say that something has happened sooner

than expected)

e.g.

Ive

already

posted

the

letter

this

morning.

Yet
Recently, lately
In the last few years
Since+a particular time

(-,?)
(+)
(+)
(+)

Since (=the beginning of the perion) is to say how

long something
has been happening.
e.g. I havent seen him since Monday . (=from
Monday until now)
For+duration of time

(+)

For (=the period of time) is to say how long something has

been happening.

SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

Talking about future
to be going to to express:
Intention (what we intend to do in the future)
e.g. Im going to spend my holiday in Bali
A plan of an activity for near future.
e.g. Im going to meet her tomorrow
afternoon.
Something in which we see or feel
evidence now for the future.
e.g. look at the sky! It is going to rain.
It turns my stomach. I think Im going to
be sick.

shall/will to express actions which

we decide
to do at the moment of
speaking.
Example:
X: Have you done your
homework?
Y: Oh, not yet. I forget, Ill do it
now
will be + V-ing to express an
actions that is
planned and happens
in program in the
future.
Example:
At six thirty tomorrow, Ill

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

We use simple present tense to express:
A general truth. It says that
something was
true in the past, is
true in the present, and will be true in
the future.
Examples:
Cheetah is the worlds fastest land
animal.
The moon appears at night.
Monkeys eat bananas.
Elephants have long trunks.

Routine or repeated activities.

Examples:
Students go to school six days a week.
We get breakfast at 6 or 7 oclock every
morning.
Mrs. Cahaya drives a car to her office.

Ones habit or hobby.

Example:
oNada sings before she goes to bed.
oSmall children cry if they do not see
their mother.

We
the
bare
the

use bare infinitive in

Present Tense and
infinitive + s/es for
rd
3 person singular.

We use auxiliary verb do

for
plural subject (I is
included), and does for
3rd person singular.

Pattern

Verbal Sentence
(+) S + V1/V1+s/es
(- ) S + do not /does not + V1
(? ) Do/does + S + V1
Nominal Sentence
(+) S + to be + Adj/N
( -) S + to be + not + Adj/N
( ?) to be + S + Adj/N

PROCEDURE

Social

Function: to describe how something is

accomplished through a sequence of actions or

steps.

Generic Structure:
: the
Goal

title shows whats to be

achieved

Materials

: list of item required (not required

Example:
THE HOLE GAME

Material needed
Two players
One marble per person
A hole in a ground
A line (distance) to start from
Method (step 1-n)
First, you must dub ( click marbles together)
Then you must check that the marbles are in good condition and
are nearly worth the same value

Next
distance

you must dig a hole in the ground and draw a line a fair
away

from the hole

thANK YOU FOR

YOUR ATTENTION
HAVE A NICE DAY!!
SEE YOU IN THE