The State Can't See The People For The Land and The Trees

The State Cant See the People
for the Land and the Trees

The Unjust Adivasi
Predicament in
Independent India
In Search of a New
Direction
http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/en/declaration.html
anar-kali.blogspot.com
Traditional Adivasi Characteristics

Subsistence non-accumulative
economy
Living in small communities
tightly knit by kinship and labour
pooling customs
Fierce defenders of their
resource bases which are
crucial to their livelihoods.
Non-literate song and dance
based culture
Patriarchal Social Structure
British Policy in Adivasi Areas

Creation of Forest Department -In search of timber needed for ships and
railway lines
Extension of settled agriculture to enhance land revenue Zamindari/Malguzari and Ryotwari land settlement.
Introduction of non-adivasi settler communities to facilitate the above
policies
Adivasis pushed out from plains areas into the upper watersheds and
hilly regions
Adivasis fought back valiantly against this injustice
Promotion of adivasi difference as a counter to the movement for
national independence
Post-independence Legal
Framework A Dicey Proposition
Constitution retains colonial centralised structure of the
Govt of India Act of 1935

Indian Forest Act, Land Acquisition Act, Indian Penal
Code, Crim. Proc. Code retained
Fundamental Rights and enabling legal entitlements
have to be secured through expensive litigation
Provisions of Fifth Schedule not binding
Provisions of Sixth Schedule clash with State Powers
The Constitution Within the

Constitution
Fifth Schedule Governor may on the
advice of the Tribal Advisory Council

prevent the application of general laws
to Scheduled Areas. Applicable in nine
states in the Eastern, Central, Western,
Northern and Southern India.
Sixth Schedule Autonomous District
Councils with extensive fiscal and
administrative powers. Applicable in
the states of the Northeast.
Denial of Entitlements after

Independence
Zamindari/Ryotwari common lands taken over by
FD but without following proper procedure.

Settlement in Princely States heavily dispossessed
Adivasi communities. Problem of Forest Villages.
Encroachments into revenue common lands and
forest lands and regularisation.
Displacement due to development projects
Mal-functioning of social and development sector
Developmental Mal-function
Introduction of Tribal Subplan in
1975 to target adivasis

Neglect of Dryland Agriculture in
the Upper Watersheds
Unsuitability of IRDP packages
Unsuitability of Education
Irrationality of Health Services
Legal Wrangles
Denial of Basic Liberal
Democratic Rights
Non-implementation of Atrocities
Act, Usury Acts, Restoration of
alienated land provision.
Conflicting laws, policies, GRs,
Court Judgments.
Legality of JFM GRs
Denial of Right to Livelihood
Other Socio-economic Dynamics

Adivasis considered as
menials by the OBCs and

the Upper Castes and this
gives strength to the States
oppressive policies.
Globalisation has resulted in
an increase in the value put
on natural resources and so
adivasi habitats are being
targeted even more.
Repressive Whip, Cooptive Sop and

Adivasi Self-rule
Bhuria Committee Report and
the recommendation of 50%

share for adivasis in development
projects
PESA.
Confrontation in adivasi areas
Consequences of Maoist
Movement
Influence of Money Power in
Elections
Decay of Traditional Adivasi
Culture
10
Action Taken By Adivasi Mass

Organisations
Mass Action
Court Cases fought at the
local level
The Samatha Case
Intervention in the
Godavarman Case
Advocacy through
various national level
forums
Recognition of Adivasi
Rights Act
11
The Road Ahead

Positive integration into Modern Society,
Economy and Polity

Scope for Cultural Revival
Anarchism as a lifeline from the perils of Modern
Development
Opportunities for Research, Advocacy, Legal and
Mass Action
12
Readings
Achebe, C (1990): Things Fall Apart, Allied Publishers, New Delhi.
Banerjee, R (2008): The Decline and Fall of the Adivasi Homeland : A
Tale of Two Worlds, The India Economic Review, Vol. 5 No. 3

Banerjee, R (2005): Pillar to Post in Quest of Justice, Economic and
Political Weekly, Vol. 40 No. 31
Breman, J (1985): Of Peasants, Migrants and Paupers: Rural Labour
Circulation and Capitalist Production in West India, Oxford
University Press, Delhi.
CSCST (The Comissioner for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes,
GOI) (1990): Twentyninth Report, 1987-89, Govt. of India
Publications, New Delhi.
Hardin, G (1968): The Tragedy of the Commons, Science, No. 62.
13
Readings (cont.)
Mies, M (1999): Patriarchy and Accumulation on a World Scale: Women
in the International Division of Labour, Zed Books, NY.

Rahul (1997b): Reasserting Ecological Ethics: Bhils' Struggles in
Alirajpur, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 32 No.3
Savyasachi (1999): Tribal Forest Dwellers and Self Rule: Constituent
Assembly Debates on Fifth and Sixth Schedules, Indian Social Institute,
Delhi.
Shah, M, Banerji, D, Vijayshankar, P S & Ambasta, P (1998): India's
Drylands: Tribal Societies and Development through Environmental
Regeneration, Oxford University Press, Delhi.
Sharma, B D (2001): Tribal Affairs in India: The Crucial Transition,
Sahayog Pustak Kutir Trust, Delhi.
Thoreau, H D (2000): Walden: Or Life in the Woods, Harper, NY.
14

The State Can't See The People For The Land and The Trees

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The State Can't See The People For The Land and The Trees

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

The State Cant See the People

for the Land and the Trees

Traditional Adivasi Characteristics

British Policy in Adivasi Areas

Govt of India Act of 1935

The Constitution Within the

advice of the Tribal Advisory Council

Denial of Entitlements after

FD but without following proper procedure.

1975 to target adivasis

Other Socio-economic Dynamics

menials by the OBCs and

Repressive Whip, Cooptive Sop and

the recommendation of 50%

Action Taken By Adivasi Mass

The Road Ahead

Economy and Polity

Tale of Two Worlds, The India Economic Review, Vol. 5 No. 3

in the International Division of Labour, Zed Books, NY.

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