Study on Sand Consolidation by Chemical

Methods for Different Oil fields

Outline of the presentation

Introduction
Objective
Experimental Work
Plan for next 6th months
References

Introduction
Poor consolidation- About 70% of the total world's
hydrocarbons

Reasons ??
Young Geological age
Lack in cementation by natural process

Results ??
Many reservoirs are susceptible to sand production.

Objectives
Selection and development of chemicals suitable for the
sand consolidation.
Characterization of chemicals and sand.
Fabrication of experimental set up for sand consolidation.
Testing of compressive strength of the consolidated sand
after adding chemicals.
Testing of permeability and porosity of sand pack after
consolidation.
Studies on effects of temperature, salt concentration,
consolidation time etc on the strength of consolidated
sand.
Modelling and Optimization of the process

Chemicals used for sand

consolidation
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

Phenol formaldehyde resin

Fly ash
Hexamethylenetetramine
Magnesium Oxide

Experimental Work

Characterization of chemicals
For Fly Ash- 4%
Temperature(C)

Time(sec)

Viscosity(cp)

32

19

0.285

34

18

0.27

35

17.4

0.261

38

16.8

0.252

40

16.4

0.246

43

15.7

0.235

46

15.2

0.228

48

14.9

0.223

50

14

0.21

Characterization of chemicals
For Phenol formaldehyde resin- 2%
Temperature(C)

Time(sec)

Viscosity(cp)

32

18.5

0.2775

34

18

0.27

35

17.6

0.264

38

17.3

0.259

40

17

0.255

43

16.9

0.253

46

16.1

0.242

48

15

0.224

50

14.6

0.219

Characterization of chemicals
For Phenol formaldehyde resin- 4%
Temperature(C)

Time(sec)

Viscosity(cp)

32

19.2

0.288

34

19

0.285

35

18.7

0.281

38

18.1

0.272

40

17.9

0.269

43

17.5

0.262

46

16.8

0.252

48

16.2

0.243

50

15.6

0.234

Viscosity vs. Temperature graph for 4% fly ash and

2% and4% PF resin

Sample preparation by using Ca(OH) ,CaCl and fly ash

Sample-I
Chemical activators ( Calcium hydroxide & Calcium
Chloride) were mixed with water
Fly ash was mixed with prepared chemical activator and water

Weighed sand was mixed with above mixture

Sample was poured in the moulds and kept for 24 hrs at 90C
Permeability, porosity, compressive strength and deterioration
in water and oil of prepared sample will be measured

Sample preparation by using PF resin and fly ash

Sample-II
Phenol formaldehyde resin and HMTA were mixed with
water
Fly ash and MnO were mixed with above prepared mixture
and water
Weighed sand was mixed with above mixture

Sample was poured in the moulds and kept for 24 hrs at 90C
Permeability, porosity, compressive strength and deterioration
in water and oil of prepared sample will be measured

Observation data for Sample-I

Sl. No.

Fly
Ash(%)

Ca(OH)
(%)

CaCl
(%)

Sand
(gm)

Water
(ml)

Observation

5.55

5.55

5.55

60

10

No
consolidation
and very loose

8.33

4.17

4.17

30

10

Very less
consolidation
and loose

30

10

Less
consolidation

9.8

6.88

6.88

30

10

Consolidated
but break

10.91

9.1

7.27

30

10

Consolidated
but break

Observation data for Sample-II

Sl.
No.

Fly Ash
(%)

PF
resin
(%)

HMTA
(%)

MnO
(%)

Sand
(gm)

Water
(ml)

Pressure
(atm)

Permeabil
ity
(mD)

Porosity
(%)

8.42

4.21

2.1

1.05

30

10

1.75

Consolid
ated but
break

12

30

10

7.28

10.80

12.9

3.22

1.61

1.61

30

10

7.17

12.80

Prepared Sample picture

Plan for next 6th months

Literature survey
Procurement of more chemicals
Testing of porosity, permeability and
compressive strength of consolidated sand
Aging of consolidated sand sample