Lecture 4: Heat and

Temperature
SCIENVP 3rd Term 2016
envp.rempillo@gmail.com

Thermal Energy and

Temperature
Thermal Energy - The internal energy
of substances caused by vibration and
movement of atoms and molecules
within the substance.
Temperature degree of hotness or
coldness
-Measure of the average kinetic energy
of particles in an object

Temperature Scale
How do thermometers work ?
THERMAL EXPANSION
a liquid changes its volume
relative to its temperature.
Liquids take up less space when
they are cold and more space
when they are warm

Temperature Units
Celsius
Fahrenheit
Kelvin
Bonus: research conversions of
temperature

Heat
Transfer of Energy
Moves from higher temperature to
lower temperature
Changes the internal energy of an
object

Heat Transfer
Conduction
heat is transferred from the hot area of a solid
object to the cool area of a solid object by the
collisions of particles

Convection
heat is transferred from one part of a fluid (liquid
or gas) to another by the bulk movement of the
fluid itself.
Hot regions of a fluid or gas are less dense than
cooler regions, so they tend to rise. As the warmer
fluids rise, they are replaced by cooler fluid or
gases from above

Radiation
transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves
through space.
energy can be transferred by radiation even in a
vacuum.

ANIMATION:
https://www.e-education.psu.edu/egee102/node/
2053

Checkpoint: Methods of Heat

Transfer
1. Heat escaping through the roof
of a house
2. A hot stove burner
3. Boiling water
4. A torch halogen lamp
producing light and heat
5. A door hanging wide open,
letting in cold air
6. A fire creating heat
7. Heat escaping through a wall
8. A mirror reflecting sunlight
9. Heat escaping through a
window
10.Heat escaping through a
chimney

Answers:
Conduction
Radiation
Convection
Radiation
Convection
Radiation
Conduction
Radiation
Conduction
Radiation

What happens to matter when

absorbs or gives off heat?

Change
temperature
Change phase

Specific Heat Capacity

It is the amount of energy required to raise the
temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree
Celsius.
Unit:

Energy = calorie or joule

Mass = gram
Change in Temperature = degree Celsius
Unit of Specific Heat = [Joule/gC] or [cal/gC]
Example Cwater = 4.18 Joule/gC or 1 cal/gC

Conversion: 1 calorie =4.184 Joules

1 Calorie = kcal = 1000 cal = 4184 J or 4.184 kJ

Examples: Specific Heat

1) Calculate the amount of Heat needed to raise the
temperature of 100 g water from 30 C to 40C
Q = mcwater(Tfinal Tinitial)
= (100 g) (4.187 J/gC)(40C - 30C)
= (100 g) (4.187 J/gC)(10C)
Q = 4187 J

2) Calculate the specific heat capacity of copper given

that 204.75 J of energy raises the temperature of 15g of
copper from 25oto 60o
204.75 J = 15g x ccopperx (60C - 25C)
204.75 J = ccopper x 15 g x 35C
Ccopper = 204.75 J 525 gC
Ccopper = 0.39 J/gC

Specific Heat of Water

Phase Transitions
https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simula
tion/legacy/states-of-matter-basics

Changes from one

phase to another
No change in
temperature
Latent Heat, L [Joule/g,
calorie/g)
Amount of heat per unit
mass that is needed to
undergo a phase
change

Q =mL

Examples: Latent Heat

How much heat is needed to take ice of mass
m= 100 g at 0C to a liquid state at 10C
NOTE: melting point of water is 0 C
Step 1: solve for the heat needed to melt the
ice
Q =mL, L = 335 J/g
ice

Step 2: solve for the heat needed to raise the

temperature of the water (melted ice) from
Q =mcwaterT, cwater = 4.18
0C to 15C
J/gC

Solution: Latent Heat

Q1 = m x Lice = (100 g) x ( 335 J/g)
= 33500 J or 33.5 kJ
This is the heat needed to melt the ice
Q2 = m x cwater x T
= (100 g) x (4.18 J/gC) x (10C - 0C)
= 4180 J or 4.18 kJ
Qtotal = Q1 + Q2 = 37.68 kJ

Thermal Equilibrium and

Energy Balance
Heat given off = Heat
absorbed
Animations:
http
://interactives.ck12.org/simulations/physics/thermal-equilibri
um/app/index.html?hash=6b78e17fd30cd3b331d4bf99622b9c67&source
=ck12&artifactID=
1795186
http://interactives.ck12.org/simulations/physics/thermal-equil
ibrium/app/index.html?hash=6b78e17fd30cd3b331d4bf99622b9c67&so
urce=ck12&artifactID=
1795186

Assignment applications
Give examples where the concepts of
heat transfer, specific heat, latent
heat are used in everyday life. (1/2
sheet of paper, individual

Group work
Using your 1-2 page update (from
assignment) create an outline for your
report (submit in a 1 whole sheet of paper
with group members names)
I. Introduction objective, why is your topic
important
II. (up to you how many sections)
X. Conclusion was the objective reached,
what are the important findings,
recommendations

Next topics

Heat and Work

First Law of Thermodynamics
Ideal Gas Law
Heat Engine