Energy and Renewable

Energy Scenario in Pakistan

Presented By;
Mariam Sardar
Mahroo Ijaz

Introduction
Renewable and Non-Renewable energy sources.
Effects of price controls on depletable resources.
Scarcity rents important for efficient allocations overtime.
Costs for tapping renewable energies are decreasing as the technology advances and, once
established, maintenance costs are generally low.
Little or no greenhouse gas emissions associated with renewable energies.
New technologies, such as carbon, capture and storage (CCS) are emerging that may allow
fossil fuel use with less harmful effects to the environment This process captures carbon
dioxide (CO2) from electrical and industrial plants and stores it underground instead of
releasing it to the atmosphere.

Resources use for Energy around the Globe

Coal is the most wide-spread fossil fuel around the world, and more than 75
countries have coal deposits with 40% of electricity in world generated by it.
Oil has its world consumption increasing (according to US EIS) from 90 b/d in
2012 to 100 b/d in 2020.
Natural Gas use increased by 36% in 2015.
Hydro power is largely used by China till today, then Brazil and US.

 Denmark sets world record in 2014 getting 39.1 of its total energy
production from wind energy.
wind generated enough power to supply more than 100 percent of Scottish
households, while in Aberdeen, Edinburgh, Glasgow and Inverness there
was enough sunshine to provide 100 percent or more of the electricity
needs for an average home.
Sweden instead of importing expensive petroleum or other non-renewable
sources is investing in solar, wind, energy storage, smart grids, and clean
transport and will become 100% fossil fuel free by 2020.
Germany produces its electricity by solar energy with 38.2 GW in 2016
being highest in world.

Transition to Renewable Resources

Energy Production in Pakistan

Pakistan has four major power producers in country: WAPDA (Water & Power Development
Authority), KESC (Karachi Electric Supply Company), IPPs (Independent Power Producers)
and PAEC (Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission).
Due to the increasing population, the demand for energy like Electricity rises by each passing
year.
Pakistan is facing serious energy crises since 2006.
According to the report, electricity consumption in Pakistan increased from 96.2 terawatt-h in
2008 110.0 terawatt-h in 2015. The increase was restricted to 99.3 terawatt-h till 2012;
showing cumulative increase of 4 percent only, but in the next three years the consumption
cumulatively increased by 10.7 percent of which 2.7 percent increase was in 2015 over 2014.

Sources of Energy In Pakistan

The mains sources of producing energy in Pakistan are:

2016

Reserves and Consumption

Pakistan has the 7th largest coal reserves in the world, and by 2018 in
collaboration with China it will be operating 4 coal powered plants.
The country has 3rd largest reserves of natural gas.
According to EIS its amongst worlds top oil consumers (63.5 b/day in 1994
which rose to 100,000 b/day in 2015).
Biomass is consumed over 1 million tons each year by urban areas.

Transition towards renewable energy

The growing production and consumption of energy places a great pressure on
environmental and public health. Renewable energy can provide the sustainable
solution to this problem.
Efforts are being made by AEDB (Alternate Energy Development Board) to
install and expand solar energy through solar panel projects in villages.
According to reports, there's was an 80% reduction in deforestation as a result.
Govt. is also working on wind energy projects. In Mirpur, 85 micro turbines have
been installed to power 356 homes. In Kund Malir 40 turbines are powering 111
homes. There are various other projects.

Pakistan Council of Renewable Energy Technologies (PCRET) was established

in 2001 for coordinating RnD and promotional activities in different renewable
energy technologies.
Govt. is investing in mostly small scale projects and targeting urban areas to use
alternatives of non renewable sources.
This makes these projects little effective as the overall degradation of
environment hasnt really gone down to maintain ecological sustainability and
dependence of fossil fuels for energy production is still very high in the country.

Conclusion
Transition towards renewable resources is not very successful because of:
Failed Govt. Policies.
Lack of incentives.
Increased expenditure on imports.

Remedies:
Taxes, subsidies, tariffs and quotas on imports.
Solar power and wind energy.
Technology such as catalytic converts in cars.

THANK YOU