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Basic Math
Computation Skills
Real Numbers
Fundamental Operations on
Real Numbers
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Addition of Signed
Numbers:
To add numbers having like signs either positive or negative get
the sum and copy the common sign of the addends.
Examples:
Like Signs
Unlike Signs
1. 4 + 5 = 9
1. -4 + 5 = 1
2. (-5) + 5 = 0
Subtraction of
Signed Numbers:
Examples:
Like Signs
Unlike Signs
1.
1.
5
- 5
5
- -5
---------
----------
0
2. (-2) - -6 = 4
10
2. (-2) 6 = -8
Multiplication of Signed
Numbers
Multiplication of Signed Numbers
Examples:
Like Signs
Unlike Signs
1. 5* 5 = 25
1. 6* -7 = -42
2. -4*-3 = 12
2. -2*4 = -8
Examples:
Like Signs
Unlike Signs
1. -120/-2 = 60
2. 14/7 = 2
1. -120/20 = -60
2. 32/-8 = -4
Simplifying Combined
Operations:
= 8-3
-2
= 5/-2
-50
Fractions
A fraction is a numeric representation showing a part of
the whole.
Proper Fraction
A proper fraction is one whose numerator is less than its denominator. It is a
part of the total, fraction and its value is always less than 1.
eXamPle:
1/2 1/4 1/5 5/19 7/100
1 numerator
2 denominator
The numerator (top number of a fraction) indicates how many parts there are in the fractional
amount.
The denominator (bottom number of a fraction) indicates how many parts make up the whole.
The fraction means 1 part of the total that is made up of 2 equal parts.
The fraction means 3 parts of the total that is made up of 4 equal parts.
The figure 35 percent means 35 parts out of the 100 parts that make up the total. It can also be
written as the fraction 35/100 or as the decimal 0.35.
Improper Fractions
An improper fraction is one whose numerator is equal to or greater
than its denominator. The value of an improper fraction is more
than 1.
e X a m P l e:
5/4
10/9 81/71
Mixed Number
A mixed number (a whole number and a fraction), such as 1, can
be changed by converting the fraction to a decimal (divide the top
number by the bottom number) and adding back the whole number.
e X a m P l e : 1
3 4 = 0.75
0.75 + 1 = 1.75
PERCENTAGE
Changing Fractions
to Decimals
Placing the place values of the numbers to the right of the
decimal point makes it easy to change fractions to
decimal fractions.
Examples:
Fraction Decimal Fraction
Number of
decimal places
to the right
1. Nine Tenths9/10 0.9
9/1000 0.009 3
Changing Decimals To
Percentages
To change a decimal into a percentage, move the decimal
point two places to the right and add the % sign.
Therefore, you can change the number 0.50 to a
percentage by moving the decimal point (.) two places or
two digits to the right and adding the percent symbol
(%). By moving the decimal point two places to the right,
you actually multiply 0.50 by 100, to equal 50. When you
add the percent symbol, you multiply the 0.50 by 100
according to the defini-tion of percent, so that 0.50
equals 50 percent. Thus, the actual value hasnt changed
eXamPles:
0.10 = 10%
1.00 = 100%
0.98 = 98%
0.987 = 98.7%
Changing Fractions to
Percentages
1. Divide the numerator by the denominator.
2. Move the decimal point two places to the right
3. Add the percent symbol.
Examples:
1/8 = 0.125 = 12.5%
1/100 = 0.01 = 1%
Example:
8 /80 = 0.1 = 10%
8 is the numerator
80 is the denominator
Changing Mixed
Numbers to Decimal
Mixed number, is a combination of a whole number and a
proper fraction. We can change mixed numbers to decimals by
two steps: (1) change the proper fraction to decimal, (2) Add
the results in step (1) from the whole number.
Example:
2 =2.25
2 is the whole number
is the proper fraction
Solution:
Step (1): = 0.25
Step (2): 2 + 0.25 = 2.25
Examples:
Step 1
1.) 0.9
2.) 0.99 99
3.) 99
Step 2
9/1
99/1
995
Places
1
2
995/1
Step 4
9/10
99/100
3
995/1000
Adding Decimals
+ 590
895
+ 0.59
0.895
+ 0.063
1.004
Subtracting Decimals
Decimals are subtracted like whole numbers. Again, line
up the decimal points.
eXamPles:
190
671
861
0.861
0.190
0.671
0.549
0.32
0.229
Multiplying Decimals
To multiply decimals, use the following:
1. Multiply the decimal numbers as whole numbers ignoring the
decimals.
2. Count and total the number of the decimal places in the multiplier
multiplicand.
3. Starting at the right in the product, count the number of decimal
places you totaled in step 2 insert the decimal at this point.
Example
4.006
(3 decimal positions)
0.51
(2decimal positions)
2.04306
Dividing Decimals
If the divisor in your decimal division problem is a whole number, first place the decimal point in
the quotient directly above the decimal in the dividend. Then divide as usual. If the divisor has a
decimal, complete the following:
1. Move the decimal in the divisor to the right make it whole number.
2. Move the decimal in the dividend to the right the same number of positions that you moved
the decimal in the divisor (step 1)
3. Put the decimal in the quotient above the position of the decimal in the dividend. Divide as
usual.
e X a m P l e : 6 0.5 = 12
12
0.5
60
-5
10
- 10
0
Simple interest
Legend:
SP = Selling Price
P/m2 = Per meter square
Example Problem 1:
Sample Problem 1:
Ms. Bulaklak Dela Cruz was offered a property located in Bagong Bantay,
Quezon City with a total lot area of 200 sq.m. at the price of Twenty
Thousand pesos (P20,000.00)/sq.m.) per square meter. What is the value of
the property?
Given:
Solution:
Area
P/m2
= P20,000.00/sqm.
SP
=?
X P20,000.00/sqm.
Answer: P4,000,000.00
Example Problem 2:
Ms. Diwata de Dios was required to pay a total price amounting to One
Million Six Hundred Twenty Thousand Pesos (P1,620,000.00) for a 900
sq.m. How much is the price per square meter of the said property?
Given:
SP
Area
P/m2
Solution:
= P1,620,000.00
= 900 sq.m.
P1,620,000.00
900 sq.m
Example Problem 3:
Ms. Lualhati Cruz sell her vacant lot fronting the
secondary school in Quirino for the amount of Seven
Million Eight Hundred Forty Thousand Pesos
(P7,840,000,000.00) at the rate of the existing fair market
value of Twenty Eight Thousand Pesos
(P28,000.00)/sq.m.). What is the lot area of the property ?
Given:
SP
Solution:
= P7,840,000,000.00
P/m2 = P28,000.00.00
Area = ?
P7,840,000,000.00
P28,000.00)/sq.m.
Thank you!