Presented By:

Dr. Aparajita Pandit

Guidance O
Dr. Dilip Kak

CONTENTS
Definitions
Functions Of Rest
Classification Of Rest
Occlusal Rest
Cingulum Rest
Incisal Rest
Rest Areas On Metal Restorations
Minor Connectors & its types
Conclusion
References
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REST..
DEFINITION :

A rigid (stabilizing) extension of a fixed or a

removable partial denture which contacts a remaining
tooth or teeth to dissipate vertical or horizontal forces GPT

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REST SEAT
DEFINITION

The portion of a natural tooth or

a cast restoration of a tooth
selected or prepared to receive
an occlusal , incisal, lingual,
internal or semiprecision rest.
GPT
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FUNCTIONS

OF

REST

a) It transmits vertical load to the tooth.

When vertical load is applied to a bounded saddle

which is supported at both ends by occlusal rest,
pressure is exerted against the rested teeth.

Results in a stretching of the periodontal fiber and

an eventual stressing of the bone that surrounds
the tooth.

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The proportion of the magnitude of load

that will be transmitted to the teeth on
which the rest are placed can be varied..

As the general principal states if it is

necessary to decrease the magnitude of
the load on a tooth, the rest should be
moved away from the saddle; concurrently
this will increase the load on the other
tooth by an equal amount.
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Altering the magnitude of the load

transmitted by an occlusal rest by
moving it away from the saddle

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b) Acts as a vertical stop.

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Pressure of the saddle on the margin has two

effects :

Gingivitis

Saddle sinks

may progress into

periodontal development
membrane from tooth

causes mechanical
stripping of gingiva
& periodontal
attachment

early loss of tooth

Hence the partial denture which has no occlusal rest in
its design are known as GUM STRIPPERS.
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Helps to maintain retentive clasp in its

Proper position.

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Transmits some lateral load to the

tooth.

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It deflects food.

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Reestablishes continuity of arch &

prevents further drifting or tipping of

teeth

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It may acts as an indirect retainer.

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Helps in improving occlusion.(onlay

rest)

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Classification of rest
I) Based on the relation of the rest to the direct
retainer

Primary rest

Secondary or
auxiliary rest

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II) Based on location of the rest

Occlusal
rest

Lingual or
cingulum
rest

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Incisal
rest

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III) Based on shape and structure of the res

V
shaped
incisal
rest

Triangular or
saucer
shape
occlusal rest
Boomerang
shaped
cingulum
rest

Rest And Minor Connector

Conservativ
e circular
cingulum
rest
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Occlusal Rest
Definition
A rigid extension of a partial denture
which contacts the occlusal surface of
the tooth.GPT

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Outline form :-

TRIANGULAR

Base resting on
marginal ridge &
rounded apex
directed towards
the centre of the
tooth.

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All angles, walls, & ledges must be

avoided.
Shape of rest should follow outline of

mesial or distal fossa of the occlusal

surface of tooth in which rest seat is
prepared.

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Size :
- one half the buccolingual width of
tooth from cusp tip to cusp tip.
- one third to one half of
mesiodistal width.

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- Floor of occlusal rest seat must be towards

the centre of the tooth.
- Angle formed from a line dropped down the
proximal surface of the tooth parallel to
long axis & floor of rest seat must be less
than 90.

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Rest And Minor Connector

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- Rest seat must be at least .5mm thick

at its thinnest point
- 1-1.5mm thick where it crosses the
marginal ridge.

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Effect of occlusal rest on the

tooth.

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Rest And Minor Connector

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Elongated occlusal rest

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Continuous occlusal rest

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Lingual or cingulum rest

Definition
Rest prepared on the lingual surface or
above the cingulum of the anterior
teeth & canine.

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Main features :- primarily used on maxillary canines.

- rarely used on incisors mainly only in the absence of canines.
- lingual rest preferred to incisal rest.
rest nearer to center of rotation of the supporting tooth
hence no tipping of tooth

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Rest And Minor Connector

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Outline form :- Rest seat is V shaped .

- Labial incline of the lingual surface makes
up one wall of the V shaped notch.
- Other wall begins at the top of the
cingulum & inclines labiogingivally towards
the centre of tooth to meet the other wall.

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- Sharp line angles & corners must be

avoided.
- Extends from one marginal ridge to
another over the cingulum.
- 2.5-3mm long & 2mm labiogingivally.
- Deepest point over the cingulum at least
1.5mm
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Rest And Minor Connector

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Marginal-Ridge Rest Seat (Randall D. Mazurat)

(J Can Dent Assoc 2000; 66:428-30)
Natural canine crowns are preferred as abutments
for removable partial dentures because of their
root morphology and bony support.
However, preparing the rest seat on the lingual surface
of a mandibular canine risks perforating the enamel.

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- An alternative rest-seat preparation, on the marginal ridge

of the canine crown, conserves tooth structure and
provides a rest seat of adequate length and depth to
ensure support for a cast framework.
- To illustrate why this little-discussed rest-seat preparation
has endured locally, the rationale and preparation of the
marginal-ridge rest seat is discussed from both historical
and clinical perspectives.

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Rest And Minor Connector

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Indicated in anterior teeth which are sound

and where cast restoration is not
indicated& where cingulum rest can not be
given.

INCISAL REST & REST SEAT

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- Mostly given on mandibular canines.

- If stabilization of incisors is indicated&
fixed stabilization is not warranted because
of poor prognosis incisal rest may be
incorporated
into a
lingual plate

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Outline form of incisal rest :- Positioned near incisal angles of abutment.

- Mesioincisal or distoincisal depends on the
type of clasp planned.
- Small V shape notch.

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- Located 1.5-2mm from proximal incisal

angle of tooth.
- Deepest part towards center of tooth
mesiodistally.
- Notch must be rounded and extend slightly
on the facial surface to provide positive
seat for rest.

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INTERNAL REST SEAT

Carved in the wax pattern & further refined

with the handpiece after casting

Used for cantilever rest in broken stress
fixed partial denture.
Also provides horizontal stabilization
through the parallelism of the vertical walls
thereby serving same purpose as stabilizing
or reciprocal arm placed extracoronally.
Contraindicated in distal extension cases..
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Rest And Minor Connector

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REST AREAS ON METAL

RESTORATION
Rest 1960)
areas on metal restorations may
(JPD
be placed in the wax pattern in the
same shape & position as those
described previously for preparation
in sound enamel.

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REST AREAS IN METAL RESTORATIONS

1) Cradle rest
- Anterior three quarter crown
- Full crown
Used for : - Rigid lingual arm of a
clasp
- Indirect Retainer

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2) Circumferential lingual ledge rest area

Given on lingual side of a
posterior crown.
Used for : supplementing
occlusal rest with lingual rest.
It minimizes the lingual clasp
arm exposed to patients tongue.

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3) Tapering box lock rest area

Given when there is sufficient
thickness on the proximal
surface of the posterior
crown preparation.

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4) Hook type rest area

Given in cast three quarter
crown or full metal crown.
Use to reduce leverage & to
allow inconspicuous placement
of facial clasp arm.

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5)Ledge type rest area

Used in posterior crown
restoration in gingival
third area.

It does not requires any relief of the

opposing occlusion to obtain sufficient
thickness.
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(Unification with Rigidity)

The connecting link between the major

connector or base of a removable partial
denture and the other units of the
prosthesis, such as the clasp assembly,
indirect retainers, occlusal rests, or
cingulum rests. GPT

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Requirements:
- Must be rigid to distribute stress between
linked components.
- Must not impinge on underlying mucosa;
tissue relief needed in the mandibular
arch.
- Mucosal surface is highly polished to
prevent plaque accumulation.

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Functions of minor connector

1)Connects the major connector to other
units of prosthesis such as
- clasp
- rests
- indirect retainer
- denture base

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2) Distributes the stresses that occur against

certain components of the partial denture
to other components.
3) Distributes forces on the edentulous ridge
to the ridge & the remaining teeth.

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TYPES OF MINOR
CONNECTORS
1)Joins the clasp assembly to the major
connector.
2)Joins indirect retainers or auxiliary rest to
the major connector.

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3) Serves as approach arm for vertical

projection or bar type clasp.
- The only minor connector that is not
required to be rigid.

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4) Join the denture base to the major

connector.

LATTICE
TYPE
TYPE

MESH

BEAD OR
WIRE

TYPE

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LATTICE TYPE
Design :
1) Two struts of metal usually
12-16 gauge thick.
2) Extends longitudinally along the
edentulous ridge.

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3) In mandibular arch :
one strut positioned buccal to crest of ridge &
other lingual to crest of ridge.
4) In maxillary arch :
one strut positioned buccal to the ridge crest
& the border of the major connector acts as
the second strut.

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5) 16 gauge thick strut connects the two &

form the lattice work.
6) Wax forms of the struts are positioned on
the refractory cast which is been relieved.

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INDICATIONS :
1)Replacement of multiple teeth.
2)In cases where frequent relining is needed.

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MESH TYPE
Design :1) Thin sheet of metal with multiple small
holes that extends over the crest of the
residual ridge.

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INDICATIONS :In cases of multiple missing teeth

DRAWBACKS:1) Difficulty in packing the acrylic resin dough
because more force is needed against the resin
to force it
through the small holes.
2) Also does not provide as strong an attachment
for the denture base.
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TISSUE STOPS AND FINISH

LINES
DEFINITION :A tissue stop is a small square of metal in
contact with ridge that prevents framework
from being displaced when acrylic resin is
packed under pressure.

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Features :
1) All distal extension partial dentures using
mesh or lattice retention , a provision must
be made to stabilize the framework during
acrylic resin packing.
2) Tissue stop is made by removing 2square
mm of relief wax used to create the space
beneath the lattice or mesh from the point
where the posterior end of the minor
connector crosses the centre of the ridge.
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3) During waxing of the framework , this

little depression is waxed as a projection of
the latticework or mesh.

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FINISH LINES
DEFINITION :-The planned junction of

different materials. GPT

Types Of Finish Lines

1) Internal finish line
2) External finish line

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TYPES OF FINISH LINES

1) Internal finish line
- Associated with the junction between the
metal of the removable partial denture
framework and the acrylic base material
- Formed by the relief wax used to provide
space for the denture

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2) External (Acrylic and Metal bases)

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BEAD OR NAIL HEAD TYPE

- Used for a metal denture base.
- No relief is provided beneath the minor
connector.
- Denture base is attached to the outer or
superior surface of the metal base , retention
gained by projections of metal on the surface.
- Used in tooth supported, well healed ridges
when inter arch space is limited .

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PROXIMAL MINOR CONNECTORS

Proximal minor connectors contact an abutment

tooth adjacent to an edentulous space .

Proximal minor connectors are usually termed

as:

PROXIMAL PLATES
GUIDING PLATES
STRUTS
FINISHING PLATES

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Proximal Plate

A proximal plate, a) the foot of the proximal

minor connector

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Conclusion
Any removable partial denture prosthesis
requires rest & minor connectors which
must seat & act within the physiological
tolerance of periodontal membrane
supporting the teeth involved.
Hence, provide sophisticated support
mechanism & place a critical strategy to
control prosthesis movement & achieve
functional stability.
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REFERENCES
Removable Partial Prosthodontics.

McCracken
Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics...
Stewart
Journal Of Prosthodontics 1960
Glossary Of Prosthodontics
Partial Dentures . Osborne & Lammie
Reference Articles from web
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