Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Human Resource
Management, Motivation, and
Labor-Management Relations
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Human resource management - function of
attracting, developing, and retaining enough
qualified employees to perform the activities
necessary to accomplish organizational
objectives. Three main objectives:
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Selection
25% of human resource professionals report a
shortage of job candidates with degrees in science,
engineering, technology and mathematics.
78 million Baby Boomers will retire with only 46
million Generation X workers to replace them.
HR must be creative in searching for qualified
employees.
Businesses look both internally and externally.
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Selecting
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Training
Newly hired employee often completes an
orientation program
Training Programs
On-the-job Training
Classroom and Computer-based Training
Management Development
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Performance appraisal - evaluation of an
employees job performance
Some firms conduct peer reviews while other firms
allow employees to review their supervisors and
managers.
May conduct a 360-degree performance review, a
process that gathers feedback from a review panel that
includes co-workers, supervisors, team members,
subordinates, and sometimes customers.
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Comp
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Worker productivity
Incentive
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Employee Benefits - Rewards such as retirement plans,
health insurance, vacation, and tuition reimbursement
provided for employees either entirely or in part at the
companys expense
30% of total employee compensation.
Some benefits required by law:
Social Security and Medicare contributions
State unemployment insurance and workers compensation
programs
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Flexible
Employees are provided a range of options from
which they can choose.
Medical, dental, vision, life and disability insurance
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Flexib
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Dow
Downsizing - process of
reducing the number of
employees within a firm by
eliminating jobs
Focus on business
competitiveness and flexibility
morale
Encourages employees to put
individual career success ahead
of company loyalty
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Motivation starts with good employee morale, the mental
attitude of employees toward their employer and jobs.
High morale = sign of a well-managed organization
Poor morale shows up through absenteeism,
employee turnover, strikes, falling productivity, and
rising employee grievances
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Maslows hierarchy of needs: people have five levels of needs that they
seek to satisfy.
A satisfied need is not a motivator; only needs that remain unsatisfied can
influence behavior.
Peoples needs are arranged in a hierarchy of importance; once they satisfy
one need, at least partially, another emerges and demands satisfaction.
Physiological needs
Safety needs
Social (belongingness) needs
Esteem needs
Self-actualization needs
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Herzb
Theory
Hygiene Factors
Job Environment
Salary
Job Security
Personal Life
Working Conditions
Status
Interpersonal Relations
Supervision
Company Policies
Motivator Factors
Achievement
Recognition
Advancement
The job itself
Growth Opportunities
Responsibility
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Equit
Expectancy Theory the
process people use to
evaluate the likelihood their
effort will yield the desired
outcome and how much
they want the outcome.
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Mana
Objective
Systematic and organized approach that allows
managers to focus on attainable goals and achieve the
best results.
MBO helps motivate individuals by aligning their
objectives with the goals of the organization.
MBO Principals:
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Job
Job enlargement: job design that expands an employees
responsibilities by increasing the number and variety
of tasks assigned to the worker.
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Manager
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Labor-Ma
Relations
Labor union: group of workers who have banded
together to achieve common goals in the areas of
wages, hours, and working conditions.
Found at local, national, and international levels.
The organized efforts of Philadelphia printers in 1786
resulted in the first U.S. minimum wage - $1 a day.
12% of the nations full-time workforce belong to labor
unions.
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Labor L
National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (Wagner Act) - legalized collective
bargaining and required employers to negotiate with elected
representatives of their employees.
Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 - set the initial federal minimum wage
and maximum basic workweek for workers employed in industries engaged
in interstate commerce; outlawed child labor.
Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 (Labor-Management Relations Act) - limited
unions power by prohibiting a variety of unfair practices, including coercing
employees to join unions and coercing employers to discriminate against
employees who are not union members.
Landrum-Griffin Act of 1959 (Labor-Management Reporting and
Disclosure Act) - amended the Taft-Hartley Act to promote honesty and
democracy in running unions internal affairs.
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Bargainin
Collective bargaining: process of negotiation between
management and union representatives for the purpose of
arriving at mutually acceptable wages and working conditions
for employees.
Issues involved can include:
Wages
Work hours
Benefits
Union activities and responsibilities
Grievance handling and arbitration
Layoffs
Employee rights and seniority
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Most labor-management
negotiations result in a signed
agreement without a work
stoppage.
On average, 20 or fewer
negotiations involve a work
stoppage.
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Un
Union Tactics
Strikestemporaryworkstoppagebyemployeesuntila
disputehasbeensettledoracontractsigned.
Picketingworkersmarchingattheentrancesofthe
employersbusinessasapublicprotestagainstsome
managementpractice.
Boycottorganizedattempttokeepthepublicfrom
purchasingtheproductsofafirm.
Management Tactics
Lockoutamanagementstriketoputpressureonunion
membersbyclosingthefirm.
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The Futu
Unions