Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Clinical Psychology
Neiley P. Satumira, MA.
Other Issues
APA approved internship programs
Psy. D. vs. Ph. D.
Ph. D. Model or Boulder model of training.
Models of training
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Professional Schools
12
Professional Regulation
Who is well trained & who is not?
This is an attempt to protect public
interest.
Certification guarantees that people
cannot call themselves psychologists
unless certified by a state board of
examiners.
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Licensing
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Licensing
Requirements continued:
Administrative
Requirements
Specialties
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ABPP
1947 established.
Certification of professional competence in the fields of
behavioral psychology, clinical psychology, clinical health
psychology, clinical neuropsychology, counseling
psychology, family psychology, forensic psychology,
group psychology, psychoanalysis, rehabilitation
psychology & school psychology.
Oral exam, observations, clinical records, 5 years post
doctoral experience.
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National Register
Self-certification.
Licensed / certified in state.
Private Practice
Managed health care.
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18
Prescription Privileges
APA endorsed
Background
Benefits or Pros
Cons
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Multicultural Issues
Pluralistic Society
APA (2003) guidelines.
Sue (1998) We must demonstrate cultural
competence: a knowledge and
appreciation of other cultural groups and
the skills to be effective with members of
these groups.
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Sue (1998)
Scientific mindedness
Dynamic sizing
Culture-specific expertise
Issues of gender
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Ethical Standards
APA (1951).
Most recent version 2002.
5 general principles:
Beneficence
& non-maleficience
Fidelity & responsibility
Integrity
Justice
Respect for peoples rights & dignity
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Competence
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Human Relations
Dual relationships.
Sexual harassment & sexual intimacies
Client welfare.
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Clinical Psychology
Science, Practice and
Ethics
History and Recent Developments
Ancient Roots
Melancholy
Phrenitis
Mania
hysteria
Greek Philosophers
Socrates (470-399)
Plato (428-347)
Aristotle (384-323)
Ancient Roots
Medieval Europe
Renaissance
De Praestigiis
Daemonum
Rush (1745-1820)
Philipe Pinel (1745-1826)
Vicenzo Chiarugi (1759-1820)
Francis Willis (1718-1807)
Pinel
William Tuke (1732-1822)
Dix (1802-1887)
Measurement of Individual
Differences
Genius (1869)
measured individual differences
Emergence of Scientific
Psychiatry
J. Langdon Down Downs Syndrome
Ewald Hecker - hebephrenia
General paresis syphylis
Emergence of Scientific
Psychiatry
Improved classification
Psychoanalytic treatment
Adulthood
Training
Psychotherapy
Psychological Testing
Professional Practice
Specialization
Growth
Training
Miami Beach conference 1958 Psy.D.
proposed
University of Illinois 1968 first Psy.D.
program
California Professional School of Psychology
1969
Vail conference 1974 endorsement of
Psy.D. as legit
Training: Backlash
Training: Backlash
Psychotherapy
Psychotherapy
Last 50 years increasingly identified with
clinical psychology
Surveys the most commonly engaged in
activity by clinical psychologists
Psychological Testing
behavior therapy
humanists
poor psychometrics
culturally insensitive
Psychological Testing:
Consequences of Backlash
Improved standardization
Inclusive test items
Proliferation of specific tests
Revision of popular tests
Improved guidelines for test users
Professional Practice
Licensing vs. certification
All states create licensing/certification laws
1945-1980
Psychologists get third-party
reimbursement
Private practice grows
Managed care
Specialization
Division 12 Society of Clinical Psychology: Sections
II Clinical Geropsychology
III Society of a Science of Clinical Psychology
IV Clinical Psychology of Women
V. Clinical Psychology of Ethnic minorities
VI. Emergencies and Crises
VII. Association of Medical Psychology
Growth
Training
1969 70 APA accredited programs
1979 100
1989 157
1999 over 200
Membership
- 1999 over 50% APA members identify themselves as
clinical
1990s 9 of 10 APA presidents clinical psychologists
Introduction to
Clinical Psychology:
Science, Practice and Ethics
Biopsychosocial model
Smoking
Alcohol Abuse
Tension-reduction theory
Social Learning Theory
Cognitive: Alcohol Myopia
Personality: harm avoidance
Genetic
control
Obesity
STD/HIV
Susceptibility
Severity
Behaviour
Benefits
Costs
Rosenstock, 1960
Subjective Norms
Intentions
Behaviour
Perceived
Behavioural
Control
Ajzen, 1985
cessation
eating nutritious food
lowering cholesterol
brushing and flossing teeth
using condoms
exercising regularly
stress
healthy behaviour
Decreasing negative health behaviours
Measurement:
self-report
physiological
Stressor
Stressor
Alarm:
Alarm:
Initial
Initialmobilization
mobilizationto
to
fend
fendoff
offthreat
threat
Resistance:
Resistance:
Continued
Continuedfight
fightagainst
against
stressor
stressor
Exhaustion:
Exhaustion:
Depletion
Depletionof
ofbodily
bodily
resources
resources
Illness
Illness&&Disease
Disease
(Selye)
Hypothalamus
Sympathetic
Endocrine
Nervous System
System
Adrenal gland
gland releases
releases
catecholamines
(epinephrine,
norepinephrine)
Increases in production of
energy, inhibition of
swelling
Primary
PrimaryAppraisal:
Appraisal:
Am
AmIIin
indanger?
danger?
Secondary
SecondaryAppraisal:
Appraisal:
What
Whatcan
canIIdo
doabout
aboutit?
it?
Stress
Stress
Illness
Diabetes mellitus
Psychological
Psychological
Factors:
Intervention
Illness
Hassles vs Life-events
Headache sufferers tend to evaluate stressful events
more vly
Perceive less social support
Type-A personality (Friedman & Rosenman, 1974)
Psychological
intervention
Biofeedback:
Migraine thermal
Tension EMG
Relaxation Training
Illness
Cancer
Psychological
Depressed mood
Psychological
Factors:
Intervention:
Self-Healing Personalities
Self-Healing Personalities
Trust & Devotion:
(Rotter, 1980) people who
trust others are less likely
to be unhappy, conflicted,
or maladjusteddependable & have more
friends-healthier
Adversity
Belief (personal control / explanatory style)
Consequence (depression, anger,
Energy