INTRODUCTION TO SPINNING

( SIMPLEX MACHINE )

Lecture # 29-36 Simplex

Mujahid Mehdi Abro

Indus University Karachi.

What is spinning???.....
The process fiber to yarn is called

as spinning.

Fly Frame or Simplex

What is roving???.....
Roving: A loose assemblage of fibers drawn or

rubbed into a single strand, with very little twist. In

the modern cotton spinning system, it is an
intermediate state between sliver & yarn.
Roving frame: A machine used in yarn manufacture

to reduce the size of sliver to roving, insert a slight

amount of twist, & wind it on a package. The input of
the material in this machine is drawn sliver and
output of this machine is roving bobbin.

INPUT MATERIAL: Drawn Sliver Can

OUTPUT MATERIAL: Roving Bobbin

OBJECTIVE OF ROVING (SIMPLEX) MACHINE:1. Drafting:-It is done by DRAFTING ROLLERS.

2. Twisting:-It is done by FLYERS.
3. Winding:-It is done by SPINDALS.
4. Roving formation: Convert sliver into roving.

DRAFTING SYSTEM
By doing drafting process the fiber become parallel and

align.
Degree of harness of rollers for cotton is 65-75 degree.
It is a main sector of making yarn.
This work is done by pair of rollers.
There are following drafting system in simplex
machine.
a) 3 over 3 drafting system
b) 4 over 4 drafting system

MATERIAL USED FOR ROLLERS:Bottom rollers are made by Steel.

Bottom rollers are connected with gearing system

(motor).
Top rollers are made by leather or it can be synthetic
rubber.
Top rollers are used to decrease the slippage of drawn
sliver through rollers.
if system is 3 over 3 then there are 2 zones but if
system is 4 over 4 then there are 3 zones.
The total draft in simplex is usually 10-15.
Thickness of apron is 1mm and made by leather or
synthetic rubber.

PART OF SIMPLEX MACHINE

There are following parts of simplex machine.
Creel portion ( grind drawn sliver )
Drafting arrangement
Cradles ( give proper tension )
Spacers ( maintain sufficient distance to roving )

Flyer ( used to insert twist to roving )

Presser arm ( guide the roving from exit of flyer

leg to package )
Spindles ( it is a steel rod, used to move bobbin )
Roving bobbin holder ( fix the roving bobbin )
Roving rail ( moves up and down to wind roving

on bobbin )

Working principle of simplex

machine
The drawn slivers are placed in creel portion of simplex

machine where the slivers are guided towards the

drafting system. In simplex drafting system, single sliver
is drafted such as to convert fiber strands into roving.
This fiber strands roving now passes through cradle
which gives the proper tension. The spacers are used
to maintain sufficient distance during roving process.

Working principle of simplex

machine
After drafting the fiber strands roving is passed through flyer

where twist is inserted here the given twist is just to grip the fiber
strands. In flyer, presser arm guide the roving from exit flyer lag to
package .The steel rod known as spandles used to revolve the
bobbin where bobbin is placed on roving bobbin holder. In the last,
winding of roving on to the bobbin is possible due to roving rail.
This roving rail moves up and down for proper winding on to the
package and this motion or up and down is due to builder
mechanism.