Internal

ODA040009
VRRP Principle
ISSUE 1.5

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This course introduces the Virtual

Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP).
VRRP specifies an election protocol that
dynamically assigns responsibility for a
Virtual Router to one of the VRRP
Routers on a LAN.

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References
RFC2338: Virtual Router Redundancy

Protocol
VRP Operation Manual

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Upon completion of this course, you will

be able to:

Master the principle of VRRP

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Chapter 1 VRRP Overview

Chapter 2 Protocol Packets and State Machine

Chapter 3 Special Topics

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Why need VRRP ?

Only one gateway,
no redundancy

Internet
RTA

10.1.1.254/24

Ethernet

PCA
10.1.1.1/24
10.1.1.254

PCC

PCB

10.1.1.2/24
10.1.1.254

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PCD

10.1.1.3/24
10.1.1.254

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10.1.1.4/24
10.1.1.254

What is VRRP
Internet

Virtual
Router
10.1.1.254

RTA
10.1.1.251/24 E0/0

RTB
E0/0 10.1.1.252/24

Ethernet

PCA
10.1.1.1/24
10.1.1.254

PCC

PCB

10.1.1.2/24
10.1.1.254

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PCD

10.1.1.3/24
10.1.1.254

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10.1.1.4/24
10.1.1.254

Virtual Router ID and Virtual IP Address

Virtual Router ID
configured on RTA is 1
IP Address of
Virtual Router 1

Virtual Router ID configured

on RTB is also 1
IP Address of Virtual Router
1 should be the same as
configured on RTA
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Electing the Master

Internet

The Master

The Backup
Virtual
Router
10.1.1.254

RTA
10.1.1.251/24 E0/0
Priority = 200

RTB
E0/0 10.1.1.252/24
Priority = 150

Ethernet

PCA
10.1.1.1/24
10.1.1.254

PCC

PCB

10.1.1.2/24
10.1.1.254

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PCD

10.1.1.3/24
10.1.1.254

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10.1.1.4/24
10.1.1.254

Electing the Master

The Master

The Master has the

highest priority value

The Backup has lower

priority value
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Special values of Priority ---- 255

Internet
IP Address Owner

Virtual
Router
10.1.1.254

RTA
10.1.1.254/24 E0/0

RTB
E0/0 10.1.1.252/24

Ethernet

PCA
10.1.1.1/24
10.1.1.254

PCC

PCB

10.1.1.2/24
10.1.1.254

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PCD

10.1.1.3/24
10.1.1.254

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10.1.1.4/24
10.1.1.254

Special values of Priority ---- 255

The Running Priority is

255 since this router is
the IP Address Owner

RTB is the Backup although its

Configured Priority is higher

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Special values of Priority ---- 0

Deleting VRRP
configuration

The Priority value 0 indicates that

the current Master has stopped
participating in VRRP

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Preempt_Mode and Timers

The Advertisement_Interval
is 1 second

The Preempt_Mode is TRUE

Time to delay when a higher

priority Backup preempts a
lower priority Master
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Summary

What is VRRP?
Virtual Router; Virtual Router ID,

Virtual IP Address.
Electing the Master.
Special values of Priority.
Preemption mode and Timers.

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Chapter 1 VRRP Overview

Chapter 2 Protocol Packets and State Machine

Chapter 3 Special Topics

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VRRP Packet Format

Only one packet type ---- ADVERTISEMENT

Only the Master can send VRRP Advertisements
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IP Fields of VRRP Packets

Field

Value

Source Address

Physical IP interface address of the Master

Destination Address IP multicast address 224.0.0.18

TTL

Must be 255

Protocol

The IP protocol number is 0x70

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Virtual Router MAC Address

00

00

5E

00

01

VRID

The last one byte of a Virtual Router MAC

Address is the VRID of this Virtual Router

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Layer 2 fields of VRRP packets

Field

Value

Destination MAC Address Multicast MAC Address 01-00-5E-00-00-12

Source MAC Address

The Virtual Router MAC Address

Type

0x0800

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Authentication
Auth Type

Authentication Method

No Authentication

Simple Text Password

MD5 Password

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Protocol State Machine

Initialize
p s
tu i
ar rity
St rio
P
55
t2
no

p s
tu ity i
r
a r
St rio
P

5
25

Master

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Backup

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Protocol State Machine

Initialize

wn
do
ut
Sh

Master

Backup
Master_Down_Timer

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Protocol State Machine

Initialize
n
w
do
t
u
h
S

More prior Advertisement received

Master

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Backup

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Page 24

Summary

VRRP Packet format

IP fields of VRRP Packets
Virtual Router MAC Address
Layer 2 fields of VRRP Packets
Authentication methods
Protocol State Machine

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Chapter 1 VRRP Overview

Chapter 2 Protocol Packets and State Machine

Chapter 3 Special Topics

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Handling ARP Requests

Broadcast

RTA

Requesting the MAC

address for 10.1.1.254

E0/0
10.1.1.251/24

1 DMAC SMAC 0806 DATA FCS

10.1.1.254
00-00-5E-00-01-01

RTB

The Master

E0/0

2 DMAC SMAC 0806 DATA FCS

10.1.1.252/24

Unicast

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Virtual MAC
Address
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PCA
10.1.1.1/24
10.1.1.254

ARP Response
Page 27

VRRP and ICMP Redirect Message

Loopback0
1.1.1.1/32

E0/0
RTA

10.1.1.251/24
1

Send ICMP Echo Message

Dst IP = 1.1.1.1
Dst MAC = 00-00-5E-00-01-01

10.1.1.254
00-00-5E-00-01-01
Loopback0
2.2.2.2/32

E0/0
RTB

10.1.1.252/24

Send ICMP Redirection Message

PCA
Src IP = 10.1.1.254
Src MAC = RTB's Interface MAC 10.1.1.1/24
10.1.1.254
Address

The Master

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VRRP and ICMP Redirect Message

Using Virtual IP Address
as the source IP address

Using physical IP Address

as the source IP address

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VRRP and ICMP Redirect Message

There are two ARP

entries on PCA

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VRRP and ICMP Redirect Message

PCA adds a new route to destination

1.1.1.1/32, using 10.1.1.251 as the next hop
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Sending IP packets by the Master

Type

Source IP Address

Source MAC Address

VRRP Advertisement

Physical IP Interface
Address

Virtual MAC Address of

the Virtual Router

ICMP Redirect Message Virtual IP Addresses

Physical Interface MAC

Physical Interface Address Address

Forwarding IP Packets

Do not change

Sending IP Packets
Physical IP Interface
originated by the Master Address

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Physical Interface MAC

Address
Physical Interface MAC
Address

Page 32

Summary

Handling ARP Request

Sending Redirect Messages
Sending IP packets by the Master

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Thank You
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