13.

2 Solutions and Their

Properties
Lorena María Wheelock
Gutiérrez
Steps at the Dissolving
Process

*The Dissolving Process:

The submicroscopic interactions
that occur between water
molecules & various solute
particles determine the extend to
which water is able to dissolve
solutes.
 Solute, Solvent & Solution

The substance that

dissolves the solute
when you’re making The substance that is
a solution. being dissolved when A mixture that is the
you’re making a same throughout, or
solution. homogeneous.
 When water is added to a glass filled with
sodium, water surrounds the sodium &
Water Dissolves Many Ionic
chloride ions, and the ionic compounds
Substances
dissociates. Because water is polar, has
– and + end, and they are attracted both.

When water is added to a solid

Water
sucrose, eachDissolves
O – H bonds Many
on the Covalent
sucrose is a possible site of
Substances
hydrogen bonding with water.

Oil and Water don’t Mix

When you mix oil and water, and then you
shake it, at the beginning they seem to be mix,
but then the substances separate in two layer.
 Different Oils Mix Together
+

Safflower oil + Olive oil

In contrast of water and oil, two different oils, in this case
safflower oil and Olive oil mix readily and remain mixed.

When tea is strong, it’s concentrated. If

Solution’syou like weak tea, you
Concentration &prefer a dilute
Dilute
solution. When you have strong tea, you
need to add water to dilute it. Color would
vary in relation of its concentration.
 A supersaturated solution is a
solution containing more solute than
the usual maximum; they are
unstable. For example: fudge.

Supersaturated & Saturated Solutions

A saturated solution is a solution

that holds the maximum amount
of solute under the given
conditions.

The amount of solute required to

achieve a saturated solution in
water depends upon the
temperature.
 A heat solution is the heat taken in or
released in the dissolving process.
Some examples that uses this method
is the hot & cold packs.
Heats of Solutions (example)
Steps to Prepare a Solution

Molarity

Molarity: Is the
moles of the solute
divided by the
volume of it
measured in liters.
 A solution always has a
freezing point than the
corresponding pure solvent, so
if you’re interested just in the
aqueous
Freezing-Point solutions, and it will
Depression
have a freezing point lower
than 0°C

Boiling-Point Depression

The boiling point of a solution is higher than the

boiling point of the pure solvent, so the boiling
point of an aqueous solution will be greater than
100°C.
 Osmosis

Solutions of Gases in
Water

Soda has carbon dioxide in

water, when you open a
soda, the gas is dissolved
Osmosis is the flow of under pressure in water.
molecules through a So the solution is now a
selectively permeable supersaturated in carbon
membrane driven by dioxide.
concentration difference.
 Colloid

A colloid is a mixture that contains

particles that are evenly
distributed through a dispersing
medium.

Colloids

Tyndall Effect
Notice how the light beam
becomes easily visible in the
colloid because of the light
scattering. It’s the same at
fog.