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DIFFERENTIATION

OF
EXPONENTIAL
FUNCTIONS

OBJECTIV
ES:
apply the properties

of exponential
functions to simplify differentiation;
differentiate
functions
involving
exponential functions; and
solve
problems
involving
differentiation of
exponential
functions.

The EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION


The exponentia l function with base a, a 0 and
a 1, is defined by y a x where x is a real number.
Since the exponential function is the inverse of
logarithmic function, y a x may also be written as
x log a y

Laws of Exponents
.

1. a m a n a m n

mn , if
a

am
2.
1
, if
an

, if
a n-m
n
3. a m a mn

ab n

4.
5.

a nb n
a n
an
n

b
b

6. a 0 1

7. a 0

8. a log a x x

mn
mn
mn

DIFFERENTIATION FORMULA
Derivative of Exponential Function
The derivative of the exponential function for
any
given base and any differentiable function of
For any given base a :
u.
d
du
u
u
( a ) a ln a
; where u f(x)
dx
dx
For base e :
d u
du
( e ) eu
; where u f(x)
dx
dx

EXAMPLE:
A. Find the derivative of each of the
following natural logarithm and
2
3. h x 4 x 2 e1 / x
1simplify
. f x e 3 x the result:
f ' x e3 x 6 x
2

6 xe 3 x

2. g x e

1 2 x

d
g' x e
1 2x
dx
2
1 2 x
e

2 1 2x
1 2 x

e 1 2 x

1 2x

d 1/ x

1/ x d
h' x 4 x
e
e
x2
dx
dx

2 1/ x 1

1/ x
4 x e 2 e 2 x
x

4 e1 / x 1 2 x
4 e1 / x 2 x 1

4. e xy x 2

x
2
y

e xy xy' y 1 2 x
xe xy y' e xy y 2 x

y1 x y'
0
2
y
y xy'
y2

xy 2 c xy y' y 3 e xy 2 xy 2 y xy'

y' xy 2 e xy x y y 3e xy 2 xy 2

y'

y 1 2 xy y 2 e xy

x 1 y 2 e xy

2
5. y 7 3 x 4 x5
2
d
y' 7 3 x 4 x5 ln7 3 x 2 4 x 5
dx

2
y' 7 3 x 4 x5 ln7 6 x 4

2
y' 2 3 x 2ln7 7 3 x 4 x5

6. h x ln 4 3 x

d 43 x2

dx

h' ( x )
43 x 2

2
d
4 3 x ln 4 3 x 2
dx

h' x
2
4 3x

h' x ln 4 6 x
h' x 6 x ln 4

h x ln 4 3 x

h x 3 x 2 ln 4

OR

h' x 3 ln 4

d 2
x
dx

h' x 3 ln 4 2 x
h' x 6 x ln 4

6. G x log e x 1 e 2 x 3

G x log e x 1 log e 2 x 3

ex
e2 x 2
G' x x
log e 2 x
log e
e 1
e 3

e x e 2 x 3 2e 2 x e x 1
G' x
log e
x
2x
e 1 e 3

e 2 x 3 2e 2 x 2e x x
G' x
e log e
x
2x
e 1 e 3

3e 2 x 2e x 3 x
G' x x
e log e
2x
e 1 e 3

7. f x 2 3 x 5 x
4

f ' x 2

3 x4

f ' x 23 x

OR


5 ln 5 2 x 5 2 ln 212 x
d x2
x2 d
3 x4
5 5
2
dx
dx
x2

x2

3 x4

f ' x 2 x 2 5 ln 5 6 x 2 ln 2
3 x4

x2

f ' x 2 3 x 15 x ln 5 6 x 2 ln 2 x
4

f x 2

3 x4

ln f x ln 2
ln f x ln 2

3 x4

3 x4

x2

x2

ln 5

x2

ln f x 3 x 4 ln 2 x 2 ln 5
f ' x
3 ln 2 4 x 3 ln 5 2 x
f x
f ' x
2 x 6 x 2 ln 2 ln 5
f x

3 x4

x2

f ' ( x ) 2 5 2 x 6 x 2 ln 2 ln 5
f ' x 2

3 x 4 1 x 2

5 6 x 2 ln 2 ln 5 x

8. 3 x 5 y x 4 y
3 x ln 3 5 y ln 5 y' 4 x 3 y'

y' 5 y ln 5 1 4 x 3 3 x ln 3
4 x 3 3 x ln 3
y' y
5 ln 5 1

EXERCISES:

A. Find the derivative and simplify the result.


1. g x 3

x 3 x 1

2. f x e

x 2 ln x 2

e4x
3. y 3 x
e 2
4. h x log 2 x 3
2

2 x3

. Apply the appropriate formulas to obtain the


derivative of the given function and simplify
1.G x 5 x

4. y

2. ye x xe y x 2 y 2 ln 2
3.H x x 1

X2

2 x 1

2x 1

5. f x ln e 2 x e 2 x

Logarithmic Differentiation
Oftentimes,
the derivatives of algebraic
functions
which appear complicated in form
(involving products, quotients and
powers) can be found quickly by taking
the natural logarithms of both sides and
applying the properties of logarithms
before differentiation. This method is
called logarithmic differentiation.

ps in applying logarithmic differentiation


1. Take the natural logarithm of both
sides and apply the properties of
logarithms.
2. Differentiate both sides and reduce
the right side to a single fraction.
3. Solve for y by multiplying the right
side by y.
Logarithmic
differentiation
is also
4.
Substitute
and simplify
theapplicable
result.
whenever
the base and its power are both functions.

Logarithmic differentiation is also applicable


whenever the base and its power are both
functions. (Variable to variable power.)
Example:
dy
1. Find
if y x x
dx
ln y ln x x
ln y x ln x
1
1
y' x 1 ln x 1
y
x
y' 1 ln x y but y x x
y' 1 ln x x x

dy
x 1
2. Find
if y 2 x 1
dx
ln y ln 2 x 1
ln y x 1 ln 2 x 1
1
1
2 ln 2 x 1 1
y' x 1
y
2x 1
1
2 x 1
y'
ln 2 x 1
y
2x 1
x 1

2 x 1

x -1
y'
ln 2 x 1 y but y 2x 1
2x 1

2 x 1 2 x 1 ln 2 x 1
x -1

y'
2x

2x 1

y' 2 x 1 2 x 1 ln 2 x 1 2x 1
y' 2 x 1 2 x 1 ln 2 x 1 2x 1

x -1-1
x-2

3. y

6x 5

ln y ln 6 x 5

ln y x ln 6 x 5
1

y' x
y

6x5

1
ln 6 x 5

2 6x5
2 x

3 x ln 6 x 5

6x5
2 x

1
6 x 6 x 5 ln 6 x 5
y'
y
2 x 6 x 5
6 x 6 x 5 ln 6 x 5
y'
y but y
2 x 6 x 5

6 x 6 x 5 ln 6 x 5
y'

2
x
6
x

6x5

6 x 6 x 5 ln 6 x 5
y'
6 x 5
2 x

x
1
2

6x 5

4. y 4 3 x

x 1

ln y ln 4 3 x

x 1

ln y x 1 ln 4 3 x
1
1
1

y' x 1
3 ln 4 3 x

y
4 3x

2 x 1
3 x 1 ln 4 3 x

4 3x
2 x 1
1
6 x 1 4 3 x ln 4 3 x
y'
y
2 4 3 x x 1

6 x 1 4 3 x ln 4 3 x
y'
y but y 4 3 x
2 4 3 x x 1

6 x 1 4 3 x ln 4 3 x

4 3x
2 4 3 x x 1

6 x 1 4 3 x ln 4 3 x
4 3x

2 x 1

y'

x 1

x 1 1

x 1

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