Chapter 10

Third Edition
ANTHONY GIDDENS MITCHELL DUNEIER RICHARD APPELBAUM DEBORA CARR

Slides created by Shannon Anderson, Roanoke College
Chapter 10: Ethnicity and Race

1
The big issues

Understanding what we mean by ethnicity and
race.
The importance of historical context
Trends in global migration
Being ethnic (non-white) in the U.S.
How ethnicity and race affect everyone
2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.
Race and ethnicity are

complicated
Is the child of a biracial couple (black and
white) black or white? Mixed?
Is Judaism a religion or an ethnicity? Both?
Race and ethnicity are terms used every day
but rarely explored.
Defining ethnicity
Ethnicity refers to the distinct cultural norms

and values of a social group.
Characteristics of ethnic groups include (to
varying degrees):
Shared history
Religion and culture
Kin or ancestry
Sense of shared destiny
Language
Ethnic options
Recent research has shown that because of
intergroup marriage, for many whites living in
the United States, ethnicity has become a choice.
For many, ethnicity is largely opted out of
altogether.
For nonwhites, opting out of ethnicity is not a
choice.
Defining race
Race refers to an externally imposed system of
social categorization and stratification.
No true biological races exist; rather, human
groups must be placed on a continuum.
Typically, race refers to some set of physical
characteristics granted importance by a society.
Race is socially constructed.
Racialization
The actual imposition of some racial schema
on society is called racialization.
The process involves both formal and informal
inequities, including segregated schools and
businesses, along with differentiated rights.
These inequalities shape the lives of all those
in the racialized society.
Racism
Racism is a form of prejudice and/or

discrimination based on physical
differences.
There are many layers of racism
Individual consciousness and behavior
Ideologies of supremacy
Institutional racism
Concepts related to racism
Prejudice
Discrimination
Stereotypes
Scapegoats
Minority groups
Colonialism and racism

We must consider history when working to
understand racism today.
Modern racism goes back to the history of
European colonization of much of the world.
The colonizers had strongly ethnocentric
attitudes of racial supremacy.
10
Colonialism and racism

Those ideologies led to a sometimes
paternalistic form of racism, linked to
developing scientific racism.
Long-standing cultural narratives of white and
blackgood or purity and evil or impurity
combined with scientific racism helped to
deepen and then perpetuate racialization.
11
Models of ethnic coexistence

in the United States
Assimilation
Melting pot
Multiculturalism
Segregation
Problems: both segregation and aggressive

assimilation have led to ethnic conflict
12
Studying migration
Trends in global migration today:
Acceleration
Diversification
Globalization
Feminization
Transnationalism
Global diasporas
13
Racial and Ethnic

Populations
Note: This map is not geographically representative of population distribution.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census 2008b.
65.9%
WHITE
(NON-HISPANIC)
198,420,355 people
15.1%
HISPANIC
OR LATINO
45,432,158 people
12.1%
AFRICAN
AMERICAN
36,397,922 people
4.3%
ASIAN
13,000,306 people
1.6%
0.7%
0.1%
0.2%
TWO OR
MORE RACES
AMERICAN
INDIAN AND
ALASKA NATIVE
NATIVE HAWAIIAN
AND OTHER
PACIFIC ISLANDER
SOME OTHER
RACE
2,041,269 people
413,294 people
4,794,461 people
Essentials Of Sociology,
3rd Edition
Copyright 2011
W.W. Norton & Company
737,938 people
14
Race in U.S. historySlavery

From early colonization on, racialization has
been part of the story of the United States.
Africans were brought as slaves in huge
numbers: nearly 4 million by 1780.
Their responses to slavery varied from rebellion
to passivity to cultural development to hostility.
With abolition, life for former slaves did not
change quickly or evenly.
15
Race in U.S. historyImmigration

18201920: over 30 million immigrants came to
the United States voluntarily, mostly from Europe
Not all European groups were equally welcomed,
nor were Asian immigrants.
In 1924 the National Origins Act was passed,
restricting immigration.
In 1965 that law was rescinded and todays
immigration patterns began.
16
Race in U.S. historyCivil rights

Until the 1960s, African Americans had few legal
rights or protections.
1954: Brown v Board of Education of Topeka,
Kansas
1950s: Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King, Jr.
1964: President Lyndon Johnson signs the Civil
Rights Act into law
There remains some question about the success of
the civil rights movement.
17
Latinos in the United States

Latinos, or Hispanics, are not a single, unified
group aside from their shared language.
The three main groups in the United States all
have very different histories:
Mexican Americans
Puerto Ricans
Cuban Americans
18
Latinos in the United States

Today there are increasing numbers of Central
American immigrants.
Latinos now make up a larger percentage of
the population than African Americans, with
approximately 15 percent versus 12 percent (as
of 2008).
19
Asians in the United States

Like Latinos, Asians are not comprised of a
single group of people.
The largest groups in the United States include
Chinese, Japanese, and Filipinos, though there
are sizeable populations of other groups.
20
Asians in the United States

Asians have a history of extreme
discrimination in U.S. history.
Even so, as a group they have done very well
and are now often referred to as a model
minority.
Asians currently make up about 4 percent of
the U.S. population.
21
Seeing racial and ethnic inequality

To say that a society is racialized is to say that
it has a racial system of stratification.
The United States is a racially stratified
society, and we can see this in many places:
Educational attainment
Income
Residence
Wealth
22
Figure 10.2A High School Graduation Rates

by Race and Ethnicity, 2008.
Essentials Of Sociology, 3rd Edition

Copyright 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
Figure 10.2B High School Graduation Rates


Figure 10.3 Median Household Income by Race, 1980 2008.

Seeing inequality
We can also see racial inequality in:
Political representation
Residential segregation
Criminal justice system
Health and wellness
26
Getting ahead
Over time, white ethnics have integrated well.
Asian Americans have also done quite well
when looked at as a whole.
Cubans have done very well overall.
African Americans, Native Americans, and
Puerto Ricans have not fared as well.
27
Why are there such

significant gaps?
There are a variety of factors that help explain
why some groups find more success than
others.
Voluntary immigration versus forced minority
status
Type and degree of discrimination faced
Ability to blend into the mainstream
Affinity of group culture to U.S. culture and values
28
This concludes the Lecture

PowerPoint Presentation for
Chapter 10: Ethnicity and Race
For more learning resources, please visit our online StudySpace at:
http://www.wwnorton.com/college/soc/essentials-of-sociology10/
W. W. Norton & Company

Independent and Employee-Owned
29
Clicker Questions
1. What is ethnicity?
a. the physical manifestation of racial difference
b. any biologically grounded features of a group of people
c. any group outside the white, English-speaking majority
d. the cultural practices and outlooks of a given community that
have emerged historically and tend to set people apart
30
Clicker Questions
2. Racism that is embedded in the very structure and operation of
society is called
a. structural racism.
b. institutional racism.
c. formal racism.
d. modern racism.
31
Clicker Questions
3. Which of the following is a characteristic of minority groups?
a. The members speak English as a second language.
b. The members have no sense of group solidarity.
c. The members see themselves as set apart from the majority.
d. The members tend to live and work in mostly white
neighborhoods.
32
Clicker Questions
4. What is the difference between the assimilation and melting pot models of integrating new
ethnic groups into the dominant society?
a. The assimilation model refers to the new group adopting the norms and values of the
dominant society, whereas the melting pot model refers to the merging and blending of
dominant and ethnic cultures.
b. The assimilation model refers to members of the new group becoming citizens of the host
nation, whereas the melting pot model refers to members of the new group remaining
guest workers and having only the legal rights afforded to those on work visas.
c. The assimilation model refers to members of the new group learning the language of the
host nation and dispersing to the suburbs, whereas the melting pot model refers to
members of the new group sticking to their own language and becoming concentrated in
particular urban neighborhoods.
d. The assimilation model refers to the experience of twentieth-century immigrants to the
United States, whereas the melting pot model refers to the experience of nineteenthcentury immigrants.
33
Clicker Questions
5. When Ali moved to the United States from Iraq, he changed
his wardrobe by shopping at the local mall, began watching
American movies, and indulged in sweets and fast food like
the rest of the teenagers his age. Alis process of abandoning
his original customs and adopting those of the majority is
called
a. pluralism.
b. assimilation.
c. melting pot.
d. multiculturalism.
34
Clicker Questions
6. The process by which a societys understandings of race are
used to classify individuals or groups of people is called
a. racialism.
b. racism.
c. racialization.
d. racial identification.
35
Clicker Questions
7. How does the experience of blacks in American cities compare
with that of other minority groups?
a. Blacks have more political representation but less economic wealth.
b. Segregation and poverty have not been reduced in the way they
have been for other groups.
c. Blacks have more wealth and more likely to live in the suburbs than
other immigrant groups.
d. Blacks have been much less involved in the public sector than
immigrant groups, but they have more wealth than other immigrant
groups.
36
Art Presentation Slides

Chapter 10
Ethnicity and Race

Anthony Giddens
Mitchell Duneier
Richard P. Appelbaum
Deborah Carr
Chapter Opener

Celebrating the Chinese New Year with performances and

decorations is not just a picturesque event every year.

Four schoolboys represent the racial scale in South

Africablack, Indian, half- caste, and white.

Map 10.1 Colonization and Ethnicity

A young girl joins members of the Ku Klux Klan at

a demonstration against the Martin Luther King Day
holiday in Pulaski, Tennessee.

Map 10.2 Global Migratory Movements since 1973.

Jany Deng at the Arizona Lost Boys Center in Phoenix.

Racial and Ethnic

Populations
Note: This map is not geographically representative of population distribution.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census 2008b.
65.9%
WHITE
(NON-HISPANIC)
198,420,355 people
15.1%
HISPANIC
OR LATINO
45,432,158 people
12.1%
AFRICAN
AMERICAN
36,397,922 people
4.3%
ASIAN
13,000,306 people
1.6%
0.7%
0.1%
0.2%
TWO OR
MORE RACES
AMERICAN
INDIAN AND
ALASKA NATIVE
NATIVE HAWAIIAN
AND OTHER
PACIFIC ISLANDER
SOME OTHER
RACE
2,041,269 people
413,294 people
4,794,461 people
Essentials Of Sociology,
3rd Edition
Copyright 2011
737,938 people
45
This nineteenth century cartoon, Where the Blame Lies

Globalization and Everyday Life

Globalization and Everyday Life

Martin Luther King, Jr. addresses a large crowd at a civil rights

March on Washington in 1963. Born in 1929, King was
a Baptist minister, civil rights leader,
In this 1942 photo, young Japanese Americans wait

for bag-gage inspection upon arrival at a World War II
Assembly Center in Turlock, California.

Figure 10.2A High School Graduation Rates


Figure 10.2B High School Graduation Rates


Figure 10.3 Median Household Income by Race, 1980 2008.

Barack Obama became the rst African American

president of the United States in the historic election of 2008.

Hundreds of thousands of people marched in Los Angeles

on May 1, 2006, to demand basic rights for immigrants.


Independent and Employee-Owned
This concludes the Art Presentation Slides

Slide Set for Chapter 10
Essentials Of Sociology
THIRD EDITION
by
Anthony Giddens
Mitchell Duneier
Richard P. Appelbaum
Deborah Carr

Chapter 10

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Chapter 10

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Third Edition

ANTHONY GIDDENS MITCHELL DUNEIER RICHARD APPELBAUM DEBORA CARR

Chapter 10: Ethnicity and Race

The big issues

2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.

Race and ethnicity are

2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.

Ethnicity refers to the distinct cultural norms

2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.

2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.

2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.

2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.

Racism is a form of prejudice and/or

2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.

Concepts related to racism

2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.

Colonialism and racism

2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.

Colonialism and racism

2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.

Models of ethnic coexistence

Problems: both segregation and aggressive

2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.

2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.

Racial and Ethnic

2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.

Race in U.S. historySlavery

2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.

Race in U.S. historyImmigration

2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.

Race in U.S. historyCivil rights

Latinos in the United States

2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.

Latinos in the United States

2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.

Asians in the United States

2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.

Asians in the United States

2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.

Seeing racial and ethnic inequality

2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.

Figure 10.2A High School Graduation Rates

Essentials Of Sociology, 3rd Edition

Figure 10.2B High School Graduation Rates

Essentials Of Sociology, 3rd Edition

Figure 10.3 Median Household Income by Race, 1980 2008.

Essentials Of Sociology, 3rd Edition

2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.

2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.

Why are there such

2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.

This concludes the Lecture

W. W. Norton & Company

2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.

2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.

2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.

2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.

2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.

2011 W. W. Norton Co., Inc.

Art Presentation Slides

Ethnicity and Race

Essentials Of Sociology, 3rd Edition

Celebrating the Chinese New Year with performances and