Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1- Transformer
2- Transformer Faults
3- Transformer Protections
4- Over Heating Protection
5- Buchholz Relay Protection
6- Buchholz Relay
7- Losses In Transformer
8- Oil Pressure Relief Device
9- Transformer Differential Protection
10- Transformer Biased Differential Protection
11- Biased Diffential Protection Setting
12- Typical Bias 30% Characteristics
13- Typical Magnetizing Characteristics
14- Magnetizing Inrush In Transformer
15- Typical Inrush Current Characteristics
16- % Harmonic Contain In Inrush Current
17- Restricted Earth Fault (Ref) Protection
18- Over Fluxing Protection
19- Transformer Oil
20- Dissolved Gas Analysis (Dga)
TRANSFORMER
TRANSFORMER FAULTS
TRANSFORMER PROTECTIONS
TRANSFORMER UNIT PROTECTION (AGAINST
INTERNAL FAULTS)
Differential Relay
Restricted Earth Fault Relay(ref)
Buchholz Relay
Pressure Relief Device (Prd)
Oil & Winding Temp. Measurements
NON - UNIT (BACK UP) PROTECTION (AGAINST
EXTERNAL FAULTS)
Over Load
High Voltage, High Frequency Surges
BUCHHOLZ RELAY
Incipient faults are minor but subsequently
develops itself resulting into damage to the
transformer. These may be due to:1. Core bolt insulation failure
2. Short circuit in core laminations
3. Local overheating because of clogging of oil
4. Loss of oil due to heavy leakage
5. Uneven load sharing by two parallel
transformers
These conditions generate gases due to
decomposition of transformer oil and give alarm or
trip switch operation depends on the amount of
gas generated.
LOSSES IN TRANSFORMER
Serious faults inside the transformer are :1. Short circuit between phases
2. Winding earth faults
3. Inter winding faults
4. Tap changer problem
5. Bushing faults
These type of faults are of serious nature and may
generate large amount of gases which operate both
alarm & trip mercury switches of buchholz relays.
TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL
PROTECTION
Turn Ratio = 20
11kv/220kv
NORMAL
CTR(100/1)
CTR (2000/1)
If =1KA
R
Y
B
10A
10A
87R
0.15A SETTING
TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL
PROTECTION
11kv/220kv
If=1KA
CTR (2000/1)
NORMAL
CTR(100/1)
R
Y
10A
10A
20A
87R
0.15A SETTING
CTR (2000/1)
R
Y
B
1.0A
0.9A
1.0A
87R
0.1A
0.9A
If
=20KA
CTR (2000/1)
If =0.9KA
R
Y
10A
30% BIAS
B
B
9A
Is =0.15A
10A
87R
1A
9A
CTR (2000/1)
If =1KA
Y
10A
30% BIAS
B
B
9A
Is =0.15A
10A
87R
19A
9A
3.0
OPERATE
RESTRAIN
0.15
1.5
10.0
CTR(100/1)
NORMAL
CTR (2000/1)
R
Y
B
87R
87Y
87B
+ 7.5% to
+5% to
12.5%
20%
-5%
-17.5%
-22.5%
30%
MAGNATIZING CURRENT
SECOND HORMONIC
COMPONANT
FUNDAMENTAL
COMPONANT
100%
63%
27%
5%
HIGH SET
TRIP
Polarized
relay
2nd
hormonic
filter
COMPARATOR
RECTIFIER &
SMOOTHING
CKT
R
Y
B
R
Y
B
1.
OVER FLUXING
PROTECTION
This protection
is commonly
used for generator
transformers
and
large
inter
connecting
transformer in the grid
TRANSFORMER OIL
TRANSFORMER OIL
An increase beyond the permissible key gas
limits is taken to be an indication of the type of
fault concerned :
KEY GAS
TYPE OF FAULT
Ethylene(C2H4)
Thermal degradation
of oil
Acetylene(C2H2)
Electric arc in oil
Hydrogen
Partial discharge
Carbon monoxide
Thermal aging of paper
insulation.
150
70
30
150
30
3500
300
300
150
50
200
150
5000
500
300
300
150
400
1000
12000
700
THANKS