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INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE

Status of Sanitation in Cities in


India
Gaurav
By

Kumar
16122009

Objectives
To understand the meaning of sanitation and the
importance of total sanitation.
To look at the present condition of sanitation in
Indian cities.
Find solutions for sanitation related issues.

Presentation Flow
Definition of sanitation
Importance of Sanitation
Challenges
Planning framework for improvement
of sanitation
Recent initiatives by government

What is
Sanitation?
Sanitationisthehygienicmeansofpromoting
healththroughpreventionofhumancontactwith
thehazardsofwastes.

Why is Total Sanitation a must ?


Causesmostdeathsduetogastro-intestinaldiseases,jaundice,
wormsetc.
Expenditureonmedicalaidcutsthepoormanspocket.
Educationsuffersbecausechildrencannotattendschool.
Adolescentgirls&womendonothaveprivacy&dignitydueto
lackoftoilets.
SanitationaffectsallMillenniumDevelopmentGoals.

The global picture


Total Sanitation Coverage 2006

Less than 50%


50 75%
76 90%
91 100%
No or Insufficient data
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Total Sanitation Coverage 2012

Sanitation & Health : Lack of proper


sanitation kills !!

Challenges

or
Why is sanitation still an issue in
the 21st century?
Roads, airports, flyovers, Mars missions .
everything works but sanitation?

Challenge No.1
Speed
Cities are not able to
cope with the pace of
urbanization with
regard to
Reforms
Institutions
Skill development

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Challenge No. 2
Execution
Sanitation requires not only
sound technical solutions
but highly depends on
good governance
social and local political
contexts
wide ranging awareness
in all stakeholders

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Challenge No. 3
Solutions of the west can
not be replicated due to
Lack of money
Lack of water
Lack of energy
Lack of reuse orientation

Simple copy / pasting from the west will not lead to


smart solutions
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Challenge
No 4
Global warming
Impacts on
Sanitation
Infrastructure
Floods
Extreme
events
Increased (heavy
Precipitati storms)
Droughton

Sea level
rise

Heat
waves

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Sanitation & economic


impacts: India
Inadequate sanitation costs India INR 2.4 Trillion per
year
Losses incurred due to inadequate sanitation

Tourism impact; 0%
Access time spent; 20%

Doemstic water related impact; 8%

Loss related to
Wealth related
impact
Domestic water
related impact
Health related
impact
Tourism impact

US$ in
Billion
10.73
4.21
38.49
0.26

Health related impact; 72%

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Planning framework for


improving city wide
sanitation services

stage approach (to be customized


to local needs)

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Stage 1 : Develop systems for


sanitation improvement
City wide planning approach
Strategy for collection and
transportation of wastewater
and fecal sludge
Strategy for treatment, disposal
and reuse
Cost benefit and life cycle
analysis
Issues in India : Septage management is widely unpracticed,
and ignored.

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Stage 2: Prepare for


implementation
Ensure proposals meet expectations for
improvement
Capacity building
Sanitation promotion, advocacy and
awareness raising
Issue in India : Debate rarely reaches the urban poor
and the elected representatives, awareness yet very low but
Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, the Clean India Mission has
started to trigger a mass movement for sanitation and
cleanliness
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% State-wise achievement in
School Toilets
66-82%(6)

83-99%(12)

100%(5)

<65%(5)

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Usage Lags Behind


Access
Access and use of household toilets in NGP Villages
100%
(As per TARU-Unicef
Study-2008 conducted in six
88%
states and 162 GPs )
82%

77%

65%

61%

63%

81%

63%

55%
39%

39%

Andhra Pradesh Chattisgarh

80%

79%

Maharashtra

Tamil Nadu Uttar Pradesh West Bengal

All States

Hhs with Individual Household Toilet


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Recent
initiatives

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Swach Bharat Abhiyaan

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No Toilet, No Bride

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Kerala : Hand book- Thelima

A school sanitation and health work book for


students from grade V to IX .
A 31 page hand book in simple language with topical
illustrations.

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Contributions as an Engineer
1.Urine-powered generator
The system works like
this:
Urine is put into an
electrolytic cell, which
separates out the
hydrogen.
The hydrogen goes into
a water filter for
purification.
This hydrogen gas is
pushed into the

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2. Compost

Composting faeces
turn a sanitation
problem in an
agricultural solution.

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Bibliography
1.www.engineeringforchange.org
2.mhrd.gov.in
3.www.indiasanitationportal.org/

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Thanks

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