BEARING

S
Presented By:Name
Roll No.
Ajay Shah
BE/10598/2013
Nikhil Verma
BE/10600/2013
Anhad Malhotra
BE/10604/2013

What are
bearings?

A bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion to only the

desired motion, and reduces friction between moving parts.

The design of the bearing may, for example, provide for free linear
movement of the moving part or for free rotation around a fixed axis; or,

It may prevent a motion by controlling the vectors of normal forces that bear
on the moving parts.

Many bearings also facilitate the desired motion as much as possible, such
as by minimizing friction. Bearings are classified broadly according to the
type of operation, the motions allowed, or to the directions of the loads
(forces) applied to the parts.

Types

There are at least 6 common types of bearing, each of which operates on

different principles:

Plain bearing, also known by the specific styles: bushing, journal bearing,
sleeve bearing, rifle bearing

Rolling-element bearing such as ball bearings and roller bearings

Jewel bearing, in which the load is carried by rolling the axle slightly offcentre

Fluid bearing, in which the load is carried by a gas or liquid

Magnetic bearing, in which the load is carried by a magnetic field

Flexure bearing, in which the motion is supported by a load element which

bends.

Plain
bearings
A
plain bearing is the simplest type of bearing, comprising just a bearing surface and no
rolling elements. Therefore the journal (i.e., the part of the shaft in contact with the bearing)
slides over the bearing surface. Plain bearings, in general, are the least expensive type of
bearing. They are also compact and lightweight, and they have a high load-carrying capacity.
The design of a plain bearing depends on the type of motion the bearing must provide. Three
types of motions possible are:

Journal (friction, radial or rotary) bearing: This is the most common type of plain
bearing; it is simply a shaft rotating in a bearing. In locomotive and railroad car
applications a journal bearing specifically referred to the plain bearing once used
at the ends of the axles of railroad wheel sets, enclosed by journal boxes (axle
boxes). Axle box bearings today are no longer plain bearings but rather are rollingelement bearings.

Linear bearing : This bearing provides linear motion; it may take the form of a
circular bearing and shaft or any other two matching surfaces (e.g., a slide plate).

Thrust bearing: A thrust bearing provides a bearing surface for forces acting axial
to the shaft.

Working speed: Low to very high

Material

Plain bearings must be made from a material that is durable, low friction, low
wear to the bearing and shaft, resistant to elevated temperatures, and corrosion
resistant.

Types of Plain Bearing

Internal :Integral plain bearings are built into the object of use. It is a hole that
has been prepared into a bearing surface. Industrial integral bearings are usually
made from cast iron or Babbitt and a hardened steel shaft is used in the bearing.

Bushing: A bushing, also known as a bush, is an independent plain bearing that

is inserted into a housing to provide a bearing surface for rotary applications

Two Piece :Two-piece plain bearings, known as full bearings in industrial

machinery, are commonly used for larger diameters, such as crankshaft bearings

Photos

Video

Rolling-element bearing

A rolling-element bearing, also known as a rolling bearing, is

a bearing which carries a load by placing rolling elements (such as
balls or rollers) between two bearing rings called races. The
relative motion of the races causes the rolling elements to roll with
very little rolling resistance and with little sliding.

A rolling element rotary bearing uses a shaft in a much larger hole,

and cylinders called "rollers" tightly fill the space between the
shaft and hole. As the shaft turns, each roller acts as the logs in
the above example. However, since the bearing is round, the
rollers never fall out from under the load.

Rolling-element bearings have the advantage of a good trade off

between cost, size, weight, carrying capacity, durability, accuracy,
friction, and so on. Other bearing designs are often better on one
specific attribute, but worse in most other attributes

Types of Rolling element bearing

There are five types of rolling-elements that are used in rolling

element bearings:

Ball bearing,

Cylindrical rollers,

Spherical rollers,

Tapered rollers and

Needle rollers.

IMAGES

BALL
BEARING

TAPERED
ROLLER

NEEDLE
ROLLERS

Fluid
Bearing
Fluid bearings are bearings that support their loads solely on a thin layer of liquid or gas.

They can be broadly classified into two types:

Fluid dynamic bearings and

Hydrostatic bearings.

Hydrostatic bearings are externally pressurized fluid bearings, where the fluid is usually
oil, water or air, and the pressurization is done by a pump. Hydrodynamic bearings rely on
the high speed of the journal (the part of the shaft resting on the fluid) to pressurize the fluid
in a wedge between the faces.
Fluid bearings are frequently used in high load, high speed or high precision applications
where ordinary ball bearings would have short life or cause high noise and vibration. They
are also used increasingly to reduce cost. For example, hard disk drive motor fluid bearings
are both quieter and cheaper than the ball bearings they replace

Images

Magnetic Bearing

A magnetic bearing is a bearing that supports a load using magnetic

levitation. Magnetic bearings support moving parts without physical
contact. For instance, they are able to levitate a rotating shaft and
permit relative motion with very low friction and no mechanical wear.
Magnetic bearings support the highest speeds of all kinds of bearing
and have no maximum relative speed.

Zero friction at zero speed, but constant power for levitation, eddy
currents are often induced when movement occurs, but may be
negligible if magnetic field is quasi-static.

Indefinite. Maintenance free

Uses of Bearings in Machine Tools

IN LATHE
MACHINE

Uses of Bearings in Machine Tools

IN MILLING
MACHINE