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ALL OF YOU
X20/P91 ARE
DEVELOPED
DEMANDS
INCREASED
PRESSURE &
TEMPERATURE
CYCLE
NEWER MATERIAL IS
REQUIRED TO SERVICE
INCREASED PARAMETERS
CARBON
ADDED
IRON CARBIDE
OR CEMENTITE
HARDER
ADVANCE
D ALLOYS
LIKE
P91/X20
VANADIUM,MOLYB
DENUM ADDED FOR
CREEP
CHROMIUM
ADDED TO
PREVENT
GRAPHITISATION
AND IMPROVE
OTHER
PROPERTIES
ALLOY STEEL
X20
WITH
12
CR.1
MO
P91
WITH
9CR.1
MO
9CR.1MO1W
P92
SELECTION OF PIPES
TEMPERATURE( MORE THAN 540 DEG. C
OR STILL HIGHER REQUIREMENT)
PRESSURE (MORE THAN 175 BAR OR
STILL HIGHER REQUIREMENT)
AVAILABLITY IN THE MARKET
COST FACTORS
BOILER EFFICIENCY
EASE OF OPERATION
AUSTENITIC
STRUCTURE
FERRITIC
STRUCTURE
MAXIMUM
SOLUBILITY IS 2%
CARBON AT 2065 F
TEMP
MARTENSITIC
STRUCTURE
IT IS AN
INTERSTITIAL
SUPESATURATED
SOLID SOLUTION OF
CARBON IN IRON
HAVING b.c.c
TETRAGONAL
LATTICE
MAXIMUM
MICROSTRUCTURE IS
SOLUBILITY IS 0.025% A NEEDLELIKE
AT 1333 F AND IT
PATTERN
DISSOLVES 0.008%
PROPERTIES ARE
AVERAGE OF
AUSTENITE AND
FERRITIC
MATERIAL
ASME/ASTM
Mo.
SA335 Gr.P1
1Cr.1/2 Mo.
SA335 Gr.P12
P22
192
540
467
101.9
X20
192
540
467
50.7
Material C
P22
X20
P91
Mn
P
Max
0.15 0.30 0.03
0.60
0.17 1.00 0.03
0.23
0.08 0.30 0.02
0.12 0.60
S
Si
Cr.
Max
0.03 0.50 1.90
2.60
0.03 0.50 10.0
12.5
0.01 0.20 8.00
0.50 9.50
Mo.
0.87
1.13
0.80
1.20
0.85
1.05
0.25
0.35
0.18
0.25
Nb
(Cb)
0.06
0.10
0.03
0.07
AL
Ni
0.04
0.30
0.80
0.40
U.T.S., min.
N/Sq. mm
P22
X20
P91
205
490
415
415
690
585
Elongation, %
min.
(Gauge
Length)
30 (2")
17 (5xd")
20 (2")
P22
TGS 2CM (ER 90S-G)
X20
CM2.1G (Bohler)
Electrode (SMAW)$
E9018-B3
FOX20MVW (Bohler)
250
450
P91
ER90S-G(BOHLER
CM 2-1G)
E9018-B9 BOHLER
FOX C9MV
220
350
80-100
(1 hr. Min.)*
740-760
80-100
(1 HR.)
700-760
120 MTS
Argon
Argon**
120 MTS
Argon
Argon**
760+/-10
350
220
100
80
RT
Time
Sl no
Operation
1
2
3
4
5
preheat
220 C
Welding by GTAW+SMAW
220 C-350 C
Cooling
80-100 C
100 C/hr
Holding at 80-100 C for min. 1 hr.Holding shall continue till the start of PWHT
Heating to PWHT
Reach 760+/- 10 C for
As per above
P91+P91
Soaking at PWHT
760+/-10 at 2.5 Mts./mm
(minimum 2 hrs)
Cooling
Cooling to 350 C
As per above
Cooling to Room temperature
under insulation
6
7
8
Temp degree C
Rate of
Cooling/Heating
100 C/hr
WHAT IS NEXT?
FOR HIGER LEVELS OF PRESSURE & TEMPERATURE WE
REQUIRE NEWER MATERIAL FOR IMPROVING THE
EFFICIENCY OF THE POWER UTILITY
P92 MATERIAL HAS BEEN DEVELOPED. IT CAN RESIST UP TO
650 DEG.C . IT IS 9Cr 0.3-0.6Mo1W
COMPARED TO P91 AN ICREASE OF 20-30% IN CREEP VALUES
AT 610 DEG C AND 100000 HRS HAS BEEN REALISED. THIS
INCREASE IN CREEP STRENGTH IS EQUIVALENT TO AN
INCREASE IN LIVE STEAM TEMPERATURE OF 15-25 DEG C.
THE FABRICABILITY AND WELDING ALSO HAVE BEEN
FOUND TO BE SIMILAR TO THOSE OF P91.
INDIA HAS TO GO FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE BOILER AND
TURBINE DESIGN TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF NEW MATERIAL