Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
(GREEN PLASTICS)
By: Rachna Sinha
Roll No.: 01016100413
Branch:
Biochemical
Engineering
Semester: 6th
INTRODUCTION
Bioplasticsareplasticsderived from
renewablebiomasssources, such asvegetable fats and
oils,corn starch, ormicro biota. (Hong Chua1 et. al,).
BIOPLASTICS : they comprise of a
whole family of materials with
differing properties and
applications. According to
European Bioplastics a plastic
material is defined as a bioplastic if
it is either biobased,
biodegradable, or features both
properties.
BIODEGRADABLE:
Biodegradation is a chemical
process during which microorganisms that are available
in the environment convert
materials into natural
substances such as water,
carbon dioxide, and compost
(artificial additives are not
needed).
HISTORICAL OVERVIEW
The
1800's ;
John
Wesley
Natural Hyatt, Jr.,
resinslike
amber;
during
Roman
times
and the
The 1900's
;
petroleum
emerged
as a
source of
fuel and of
chemicals
The 1960's:
cellulose.
Although
The
production
1920's:Henry peaked in
Ford
the 1960s it
experimente is still used
d with using in packaging
soybeans in for candy,
the
cigarettes,
manufacture and other
of
articles.
automobiles
PRODUCING
BIOPLASTICS
PHB (Polyhydroxy
Polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs) are members from family of polyesters known as
Butyrate)
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs).
Accumulated in intracellular granules by Gram-positive and Gram-negative
microorganisms.
PHB are produced when there is excess carbon source with the limitation of one
of the essential nutrients.
Also known as Biopolymers as they are produced from microorganisms.
They are thermoplastic polymers and are totally biodegradable
Many different types of PHAs are available and PHB is the most common one
Empirical formula - [C4H6O2]n
Structural formula for the linear chain of PHB
Delftia acidovorans
Bacillus megaterium
Bacillus megaterium
Cupriavidus necator
Physical stress
( pH,
Temperature)
PHB synthesis
Purification of PHB
APPLICATIONS OF PHB:
PROPERTIES
Thermoplastic
Water insoluble (Hydrophobic)
Biocompatible
Tensile strength is 40MPa
Sinks in water
COMPARATIVE
CONVENTIONAL PLASTICS
OVERVIEW:
BIOPLASTICS
BIOPLASTIC
PRODUCTS:
Bioserie toys: plant based plastics used for making teethers and
other toys for children
TheScanFast 2.0Collection oflaptop casesfrom
MobileEdge
Fujitsu Develops World's First Bioplastic Computer Cases
Snack makerSun Chipswas at the forefront of bioplastics
when it switched to biodegradable packaging in 2009.
In 2006,Mazdajoined the world of bioplastics, announcing that
they had developed a new product -- 88 percent corn, 12 percent
petroleum-- that was strong enough to withstand three times the
shock and 25 percent more heat.
The bioplastic is sturdy enough to be used forinterior parts, and
was installed as part of the instrument panel on thePremacy
Hydrogen RE Hybrid.
REFERENC
ES
1. Researchers Develop Bioplastic that Can Be Broken Down to Liquid Fuel. Green
Car Congress; 24 march 2007
2. Bioplastics facts and figures; European Bioplastics, 2013 PDF
3. Paul Nastu; Bioplastics Carve Out Niche Environmental LeaderOctober 23, 2007
4. Crandall, Lynn. "Bioplastics: A burgeoning industry."INFORM-CHAMPAIGN-13.8
(2002): 626-630.
5. European Patent office; Innovation-and-economy; emerging-technologies; Article 6
6. Nick Heath Bio-plastics: Turning Wheat And Potatoes into Plastics; The Naked
science, 7th Jul 2007UNEP Conventional vs Biodegradable Plastics Emerging Issue
Update; Issue 2, June 2014
7. Keshavarz, Tajalli, and Ipsita Roy. "Polyhydroxyalkanoates: bioplastics with a green
agenda."Current opinion in microbiology13.3 (2010): 321-326.
8. Hong Chua1, Peter H. F. Yu, and Chee K. Ma (March 1999)."Accumulation of
biopolymers in activated sludge biomass".Applied Biochemistry and
Biotechnology(Humana Press Inc.)78: 389399.
9. Pilla, Srikanth, ed.Handbook of bioplastics and biocomposites engineering
applications. Vol. 81. John Wiley & Sons, 2011.
10. Malmonge, J.A., Malmonge, L.F., Fuzari, G.C., Malmonge, S.M. and Sakamoto, W.K.
(2009), Piezo and dielectric properties of PHBPZT composite. Polym Compos,
30:13331337. doi:10.1002/pc.20719
11. Information Package on Environmentally Degradable Plastics, Project: Managers of
Innovation in Environmentally Degradable Plastics, Funded by the EC Leonardo da
Vinci programme
12. Huang, JanChan, Aditya S. Shetty, and MingSong Wang. "Biodegradable plastics: a
review."Advances in Polymer Technology10.1 (1990): 23-30.