16.

711 Lecture 6 Transmission Matrix, DWDM

Last Lecture
Electro-optics effect
Refractive index ellipsoid
Linear electro-optic effect, Pockels effect
EO modulators based on Crystal and polymers
Kerr effect and applications
Acoustic optical modulators

16.711 Lecture 6 Transmission Matrix, DWDM

Today
Distribute Bragg Mirrors
Transmission Matrix
Simulation of DBR Mirrors
Fiber Bragg Gratings
AWG
other DWDM Technology

16.711 Lecture 6 Transmission Matrix, DWDM

Distribute Bragg Mirrors:
Reflection as a function:
Indices, n1 and n2
Layer thicknesses
number of mirror pairs

Reflection spectrum:
Indices, n1 and n2
Layer thicknesses
number of mirror pairs
Vertical Cavity Surface
Emitting Lasers (VCSEL)

16.711 Lecture 6 Transmission Matrix, DWDM

Transmission Matrix

Each interface has two parameters:

(1) transmission amplitude
(2) reflection amplitude
Total transmission and reflection of
many pairs are the matrix productions
Develop one transmission matrix for a
single pair then perform matrix
productions.

16.711 Lecture 6 Transmission Matrix, DWDM

Transmission Matrix
L2
A2

A1
n1
B1

t12

n2
B2
j 2 L2

A2e
A1

A1 T11 T12 A2

B1 T21 T22 B2
r12

|B2 0

n1 n2
,
n1 n2
1
2

2 n1n2
,
n1 n2
1
2

B1
2(n1n2 )
t 21
|

,
j 2 L2 A1 0
B2 e
n1 n2

t12

r12

n1n2

1
2

n1 n2

B1
n n
| B2 0 1 2 ,
A1
n1 n2

A2e j 2 L2
n2 n1
r21
| A1 0
,
B2
n1 n2

16.711 Lecture 6 Transmission Matrix, DWDM

Transmission Matrix
L2
A2

A1
n1
B1

A1 T11 T12 A2

B1 T21 T22 B2

n2
B2

t12

j 2 L2

A2e
A1

|B2 0

1
2

2 n1n2
,
n1 n2

r12

B1
n n
| B2 0 1 2 ,
A1
n1 n2

A1 T11 A2 T12 B2 , B1 T11 A2 T12 B2 ,

When B2 = 0:
A1 T11 A2 ,

T11

When A1 = 0:

A1
t12 e j 2 L2 ,
A2

A2 e j 2 L2
n2 n1
A2
| A1 0
,
T11 A2 T12 B2 0, T12 | A1 0 , r21
B
n

n
B2
2
1
2
A
n n
T12 2 | A1 0 r21e j 2 L2 e j 2 L2 2 1 ,
B2
n1 n2

16.711 Lecture 6 Transmission Matrix, DWDM

Transmission Matrix
L2
A2

A1
n1
B1

n2
B2

A1 T11 T12 A2

B1 T21 T22 B2
t12

j 2 L2

A2e
A1

|B2 0

1
2

2 n1n2
,
n1 n2

r12

B1
n n
| B2 0 1 2 ,
A1
n1 n2

A1 T11 A2 T12 B2 , B1 T21 A2 T22 B2 ,

When B2 = 0:
A1 T11 A2 , B1 T21 A2 ,

T21 B1
|B 0 r12 ,
T11 A1 2

r12 j 2 L2
e
,
t12
When A1 = 0: A T12 B2 ,
2
T11

T21 T11r12

t 21

1
2

B1
2(n1n2 )
|

,
j 2 L2 A1 0
B2e
n1 n2

B1 T21
T22

T12 B2
T22 B2 ,
T11

1
t12t21 r12 r21 e j 2 L2 ,
t12

16.711 Lecture 6 Transmission Matrix, DWDM

Transmission Matrix
L2

A2

A1
n1
B1
A2
n2

n1
B1

n2
B2
L1

j L
1 e 22
M 1
t12 r12 e j 2 L2

A3

A
A2 T11 T12 A3
M 2 3

B2 T21 T22 B3
B3

n1
B3

B2

A1

A1 T11 T12 A2
A2


M 1

B1 T21 T22 B2
B2

L2

L1

A2

A3

n2
B2

n1
B3

r21e j 2 L2

j 2 L2
(t12t 21 r12 r21 )e

1 e j1L1
M 2
t 21 r21e j1L1

r12 e j1L1

j1L1
(t12t 21 r12 r21 )e

A
A1
M 3 3
B1
B3

M 3 M 1M 2

16.711 Lecture 6 Transmission Matrix, DWDM

Matlab simulation and discussion:
pi = 3.1416;
n1 = 3.5;
n2 = n1-n1*0.005;
r12 = (n1-n2)/(n1+n2);
r21 = (n2-n1)/(n1+n2);
t12 = 2*(n1*n2)^0.5/(n1+n2);

k = 1;
for k =1:N
T1(1,1) = exp(-j*b2(k)*L2);
T1(1,2) = -r21*exp(j*b2(k)*L2);
T1(2,1) = r12*exp(-j*b2(k)*L2);
T1(2,2) = (t12*t21r12*r21)*exp(j*b2(k)*L2);

t21 = t12;

T1 = T1/t21;

lamda = 1.295:0.00001:1.305;

T2(1,1) = exp(-j*b1(k)*L1);

b1 = 2*pi*n1./(lamda);

T2(1,2) = -r12*exp(j*b1(k)*L1);

b2 = 2*pi*n2./(lamda);

T2(2,1) = r21*exp(-j*b1(k)*L1);

L1 = 1.3/(4*3.5);
L2 = 1.3/(4*3.5*(1-0.005));
N = length(lamda);

T2(2,2) = (t12*t21r12*r21)*exp(j*b1(k)*L1);
T2 = T2/t12;
T = T1*T2;
T10 = T^10;

16.711 Lecture 6 Transmission Matrix, DWDM

Matlab simulation and discussion:
1

0.7

0.9

0.6

0.8
0.5

0.6

refection %

refection %

0.7

0.5
0.4
0.3

0.4
0.3
0.2

0.2
0.1

0.1
0
1000

1100

1200

1300
wavelength nm

1400

1500

1600

n1 = 3.5, n2 = 2.5 5 v.s. 20 pairs

0
1000

1100

1200

1300
wavelength nm

1400

1500

n1 = 3.5, n2 = 3.45 20 pairs

1600

16.711 Lecture 6 Transmission Matrix, DWDM

Matlab simulation and discussion:
1
0.9
0.8

refection %

0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
1295

1296

1297

1298

1299 1300 1301

wavelength nm

1302

1303

1304

1305

n1 = 3.5, n2 = 3.495 1000 pairs, read line delta n = 0.001.

16.711 Lecture 6 Transmission Matrix, DWDM

Fiber Bragg Gratings:
Laser written index fluctuation, ~ 0.003-0.03
Phase matching condition:

Applications:
wavelength stabilizer
band stop filter

16.711 Lecture 6 Transmission Matrix, DWDM

Fiber Bragg Grating Applications:
OADM

Channel cross-talk power penalty

1
1
I I ch (I I I x ) I ch ,
2
2

I 1 I x / I ch ,
power penalty in dB:
P (dB) 10 log(I ) 10 log(1 I x / I ch )
10 log(1 T ),

Band with
Extinction ratio

16.711 Lecture 6 Transmission Matrix, DWDM

Chirped Fiber Bragg Grating for dispersion compensation:
Chirped Fiber Bragg Grating:

Diffractive gratings:

Channel cross-talk power penalty

Band with
Extinction ratio

16.711 Lecture 6 Transmission Matrix, DWDM

Array waveguide gratings (AWG):
Principle of AWG

,
,

2neff

I out Eout

Eout

1
2 I0
N

E e
k 0

sin 2 (

2neff

sin 2 (

2
2neff
2

i(

2neff kd

dnN )
dn)

i
1
E0e iwt e
N

neff

dn

2neff
sin(
LN )
2
2neff
sin(
L)
2

16.711 Lecture 6 Transmission Matrix, DWDM

Array waveguide gratings (AWG):
AWG based Filter
1
0.9
0.8
0.7

Iout

0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
1.4

1.45

1.5
1.55
wavelength um

Path band wavelength

Free-spectral range
Bandwidth
Extinction ratio

1.6

2neff

1.65

L 2m,

,
neff L m

neff
m

16.711 Lecture 6 Transmission Matrix, DWDM

Array waveguide gratings (AWG):
AWG based DWDM

dispersion
0

neff
m

dL

L, L

m
m
d 2 0 dn,
neff
n

dL' Rd dL
d / d

Output plane
i /
Ri

m
0 ,
neff

m
m
d 2 0 dn,
neff
n

m
m0
(1
dn / d ),
Rneff
n

wavelength spacing
D fd fd

m
m0
(1
dn / d ),
Rneff
n

m0

DRn / fm(1
dn / d ) ,
n

16.711 Lecture 6 Transmission Matrix, DWDM

Array waveguide gratings (AWG):
AWG based DWDM

FSR
2

,
neff L m

Number of channel
fsr

m0

0 f (1
dn / d ) / DRn

0 f /( nDR ),
N

Output plane
i /
Ri

16.711 Lecture 6 Transmission Matrix, DWDM

Liquid crystal based DWDM