HITECTURE

D EPARTMENT OF ARC

CRUST

FRANK LLYOD
WRIGHT
MODERNIST ARCHITECT 1867-1959

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"The
thing
always
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that you
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Architecture Design Theory -IV

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The Man Who Needs No

Introduction
FRANK
LLOYDarchitect
WRIGHT,
An American
interior designer , writer ,
educator during his 70year
The career.
development of modern
architecture has been strongly
influenced
by
the
accomplishment of frank Llyod
Wright

HITECTURE

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ABOUT THE ARCHITECT

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Mr. Wright,
in pursuing
functionalis
m,
identified
"The thing
FORM and
always
happens
FUNCTION
that you
really
as
ONE
believe in,
andTheory
the -IVand the
Architecture Design
JANUARY-APRIL 2012

belief in a

HITECTURE

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mast
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He related the meaning of his work to

the order of nature; his buildings and
R
designs were metaphors for
technology, nature and democracy.
His architecture went through several
phases and focused on such themes
as nature organicism, the Midwestern
Prairie, modernism .
He discovered the vital difference
between sculpture and architecture,
between volumes on the landscape and
architectural space.
Frank Lloyd Wright designed 1,141
buildings, including homes, offices,
"The thing
churches,
schools,
libraries, always
bridges,
and
museums.
Five happens
that you
hundred and thirty-two of these really
designs were completed, and 409 believe in,
and the
Architecture
Design
Theory
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still stand.
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belief in a
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: June 8,

1867
Parents
:
William Cary
Wright And Anna Lloyd-Jones

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He was originally named as

Frank Lincoln Wright, which he
later changed after his parents
1885
- he enrolled as a special student
divorced.
at the University of Wisconsin at Madison
and worked as a draughtsman in the
practice of Allen D. Conover, Dean of the
School of Engineering of Madison,
Wisconsin

HITECTURE

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LIFE
EVENTS..
Date Of Birth:

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university studies and moved to Chicago

.
1887 - he designed his first
independent
project,
Unitarian
1887
- he joined
the the
prestigious
Adler &
Chapel in
Sioux City .
Sullivan
practice.

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1893 - after the discovery of

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1887 - Frank Lloyd Wright gave up his

'clandestine' work parallel to his job for

Adler & Sullivan, he fell out with Louis
Sullivan -. after returning to the United
1911
1893 -he
opened
his Taliesin
own practice
.
States,
founded
(literally
1905 - -brow')
journey
.
1914
at Taliesin,
a servant
murdered Mamah
'shining
. to Japan
Cheney, her two children and four employees of
the practice afterwards starting a fire which
totally destroyed the building .

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"The thing
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happens
that you
really
believe in,
and the
belief in a

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Architecture, a collection of conference

cycles held in 1930 at Princeton
University1932
- he exhibited
at theof
1938 - he published
his collection
Museum
of Modern Art
in Modern
New York
writings Architecture
and
Life

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1939 - he was awarded the Royal

Institute of British Architects gold medal
1949 - he was awarded the American
Institute of Architects gold medal
1954 - he published The Natural House,
in which he described Usonian houses
1957 - he published A Testament, his
autobiography
1958 - he published The Living City

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1931 - he published Modern

1959, 9th April - he died in

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"The thing
always
happens
that you
really
believe in,
and the
belief in a

Architecture
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Phoenix
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mast
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In 1877 the
family
returned
to
.
i
Madison,
Wisconsin
t
where
e
Wright spent
While
at
the
the
school
c
University, Wright
years.
In spent
two
"The thing
t
1885 Wright semesters
always
happens
got
a
job studying
civil
that you
really
working for engineering
believe in,
before
moving
to
Allen Architecture
D.
Design Theory -IVand the

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EDUCATION

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Chicago
in2012
1887.

belief in a

HITECTURE

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During his schooling in

summers he spent on his
Uncle James Lloyd Jones'
farm in Spring Green,
Wisconsin, Wright first
began to realize his dream
Even before he was born,
of becoming an architect.
his mother was
determined to make him
into an architect.

mast
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Wright rarely credited any

influences on his designs, but "The thing
always
most architects, historians and happens
that you
really
scholars agree he had five
believe in,
and the
Architecture
Design
Theory
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major
influences
.
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belief in a

D EPARTMENT OF ARC

1.) FROEBEL GIFT :

HITECTURE

Frank Lloyd Wright regularly

cited the influences on his
approach to architecture.
The Froebel method
gave Wright the basis
for his fascination with
a small number of
geometric shapes,
which in different
combinations were
used throughout his
architectural career:
the spiral, the sphere
and the circle, square,
Architecture
Design
Theory
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cube, triangle, and the
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"The thing
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happens
that you
really
believe in,
and the
belief in a

-IV

whom he considered to be his 'Lieber

Meister' (dear master).
The basis for Wrights future work was
born out of the idea and philosophy of
Sullivans that "form follows function

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2.) LOUIS SULLIVAN,

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Wright adapted Sullivan's maxim "Form

Follows Function" to his own revised
theory of "Form and Function
Are One."

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Architecture

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It was Sullivan's
belief that American
Architecture should
be
based
on "The thing
American function, always
happens
not
European that you
traditions, a theory really
believe in,
Design
Theory
which Wright
later-IVand the

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belief in a

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3.)Japanese art, prints

and buildings

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1905 - journey to Japan

1905 - study of
traditional Japanese
houses.
Wright was an active dealer in
Japanese art, primarily woodblock
prints.
he designed a home, then provided
the art to fill it

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"The thing
always
happens
that you
really
believe in,
and the
belief in a

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mast
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He saw music and architecture as

closely related, calling both
"sublimated mathematics."
He felt that understanding music
5.)
Nature
shapes/forms
makes
for a particularly
better architect.
and colors/patterns of plant life :
Wright
believed
that by correlating
a
building
to
nature, the spiritual
condition
of
He believed that natural materials
were
could be
friendly and beautiful, but mankind
also that the
elevated.
nature of materials was inextricably
linked to
the structural of the building

HITECTURE

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4.) Music (his favorite composer

was Ludwig van Beethoven)

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"The thing
always
happens
that you
really
believe in,
and the
belief in a

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Architecture
1. Simplicity And Repose Should Be The
Measure Of Art. Consequently, Buildings
Should Have As Few Rooms As Possible;
Opening Should Be Integrated Into The
Structure And Form, Of The Buildings ,
While Details Like Decoration , Fixtures,
And Furniture Were To Be Integrated Into
The Overall Structure Detail And
Decoration Should Be Reduced.
Space Was The
Form And
Invisible
Function
Fountain
,From
Were
Which All Rhythm
One,
Flows To Which
Unified
They Must
Pass.
Architecture
Design Theory

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6 Principles Of Organic

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"The thing
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happens
that you
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and the
belief in a

-IV

Wrights second principle

called for as many different
styles of houses as there were
styles of people. This allowed for
clients
individuality.
A
multiplicity of styles also meant
that architects no longer had to
rely on historical styles that had
dominated
19th
century
architecture , and which in
tradition
didoften
not had democracy
America
no relation tothe
meanthat
imitating
the,s own
national
country
history ideal which
past ,but implied
Wright defined as the
"The thing
always
the sense of
gospel of individuality.
happens
belonging
Mixing these ideas with
that you
really
experiments in
believe in,
technology
and
building
and the
Architecture
Design
Theory
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belief in a
materials 2012
.

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2.

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nature which
The third
meanst not just
principle
living things but
correlated
was the essence
nature,
i
of
materials
topography,
plans and
t
and
feelings00
architecture.
e
organic
Wright said
referred to
c
building
the
should
"The thing
t
relationshi
always
appear to
happens
p of parts
that you
grow easily
really
to the
from its site
believe in,
whole
and the
Architecture
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Theory
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and
be
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belief in a

3.

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4.)

The fourth principle he

stated that the colors of
buildings should be derived
from nature and should be
adapted to harmonize with
the building materials . It
called for
conventionalization, a
method of abstracting form
to its essentials, to5.)
color
The fifth principle called for
and
to plant formsexpressing
as
NATURE
the nature of
source
of design form.
which meant
materials. Wood should look like
not just living
things but
was the
essence of
materials
plans and
feelings

CRUST

wood, showing its grain and

natural color, with the same
applying to brick, stone and
plaster. Each material should
show its natural texture, grain,
and color, and not be disguised
2012material .00
to JANUARY-APRIL
look like another

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"The thing
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happens
that you
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believe in,
and the
belief in a

Architecture Design Theory -IV

6.

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Wrights sixth principle

called for spiritual integrity
in architecture. His belief
that buildings should have
qualities that were
analogous to the human
qualities of truth , sincerity ,
and beauty and building
should
bring
joy. was
romance
waspeoplespirit
the creative force
the essential
expressed by
life force
each individual
within an
embodied in the
object .
form of
architecture
.
Architecture
Design

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"The thing
always
happens
that you
really
believe in,
and the
belief in a

Theory -IV

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organic referred to the relationship of

parts to the whole

form and function were

i
one, unified
tradition did not mean imitating the past ,but implied
the sense of belonging
romance was the creative force expressed by each t
individual embodied in the form of architecture
e
The third dimension was the intrinsic depth
of
a building
space
was the invisible fountain ,from which all
c
rhythm
flows
to which
they must
spirit
was
the essential
lifepass
force within an object
"The thing
t
ornament "was the emotional
expression
always

HITECTURE

D EPARTMENT OF ARC

NINE KEY WORDS OF m a s ct

nature which meanst not just living things but e R
1953..
was
the essence of materials plans and feelings
h

that was integral to, and to be integrated

into ,architecture , and which revealed and
enhanced the structure of the building .

CRUST

happens
that you
really
believe in,
and the
belief in a

Architecture Design Theory -IV

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earliest works was to some

extent a derivation of the
work
of
the
leading
architects of the 1880,s
including h.h. Richardson
,bruce price,and mckim,
mead and white, whose
work was widely published
in contemporary magazines
.

HITECTURE

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Architectural Phases Of
Frank
Lloyd
Wright
FIRST PHASE: his

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SECOND PHASE: in
the 1890,s is classical in
nature furthermore ,the
decoration Wright used
in
these
years
is
evidence
of
the
influence
of
Louis
THIRD
Sullivan PHASE:
, for whom
sometimes
calledfor
Wright
Wright worked
five
s
first golden age
years.
began in 1901 and
extended into 1910,

"The thing
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happens
that you
really
believe in,
and the
belief in a

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HITECTURE

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In third phase Wright created a distinctly

American house type the prairie housecharacterized by a strong horizontally , use of
natural materials , and a close attention to the
FOURTH PHASE: from the
links between the building the building and its
1910,s the decorative use of
site
Mayan inspired cast concrete
dominated and culminated in
wrights fourth phase, the textile
FIFTH
PHASE: Wrights fifth
block houses in the los Angeles
and
productive
period
area most
of California.00
featured the usonian house , a
lower cost house type than the
SIXTH house00000
PHASE :The s.c johnson wax company
prairie
head quarters (1936), the solomon r,.
Guggenheim museum (1956), and the marine
county civic centre (1957)- are not only
landmarks in modern American architecture but
Architecture
are also publicly
accessible. Design Theory

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"The thing
always
happens
that you
really
believe in,
and the
belief in a

-IV

Location:

Pennsylvania
1936 - 1939
Built:

HITECTURE

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Fallingwater House For

E. Kaufmann
Mill Run,

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Organic Architecture
Architecturalstyle(s):

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One of the worlds most

famous houses is the weekend
retreat called Falling water.
Begun in 1936 and completed
"The thing
the following year, Wright always
designed
the
house
for happens
that you
Pittsburgh department store really
owner Edgar J. Kaufmann, believe in,
and the
Architecture
Design
Theory
-IV
whose
son,
Edgar
Jr.,
was
a
JANUARY-APRIL 2012
belief in a

HITECTURE

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Falling waters floors and roofs are

dramatically cantilevered over the waterfall
R
of Bear Run, a creek in western
Falling water celebrates
Pennsylvania.
an idea: the technology
,imagination and nature
when brought together in
service of man can result
in great art . it is a place
which
was was
created
romance
the for
creative
force
restoration
nature
and embodied
expressed by in
each
individual
in
the form notion
of architecture
romantic
In falling water Wright captured the perfect
essence of own desire to live with the nature

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democracy the national ideal which Wright

defined as the gospel of individuality

"The thing
always
happens
that you
really
believe in,
and the
belief in a

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Construction
materials used were:sandstone, reinforced
concrete, glass, and
The intrinsic quality of
steel.
each manner in which it
was treated , for e.g. :the
pale color of concrete
suggests
the
earthen
The stone floors are
nature which nature of the material.
waxed, while the hearth
meant not just
is left plain, giving the
living things but
impression of dry rocks
was the essence
of materials plans protruding from a
stream00
and feelings
Architecture Design Theory

HITECTURE

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Materials used

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"The thing
always
happens
that you
really
believe in,
and the
belief in a

-IV

D EPARTMENT OF ARC

mast
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HITECTURE

the nature of
Influenced by
materials. Wood
music
Windows are

R
The
next
should look like
framed by steel
most
sashes instead
wood, showing its
of using large
important
grain and natural
sheets of
material
is
color, with the
glass , Wright
stone.
choose to
same applying to
Executed in
emphasize
He proposed
stone and
reinforced
both
on the
brick,
Stone walls
originally to
concrete,
plaster.
physical
serve to space
cover the
presence
of
the houses
Each material
building
concrete slabs
glass
and in
its gold
floating
should show its
leaf which would
functions.
the proper
planes echo
natural texture
mimic the color
the streams
distance apart,
of dying plants
cascading
and prevent
"The thing
and thereby
the colors
be
flow. of buildings should
always
them from
the
derived from nature andconnect
should be
happens
adapted to harmonize with
the to the
house
twisting. a
that you
building materials
change of
really
vertical
believe in,
seasons and the
membrane of
and the
Architecture
Design
Theory
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passage
of
time.
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belief in a
glass held in a

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Nearly half of falling water is

terrace or the exterior space . each
of the floor bed rooms has its own
Space
terrace and there are two terraces
Was
The
Wrights design makes the
of the living room
Invisible
interior space of the house
Fountain
continuous with the
The
strong
,From
outdoors, fusing the house
Which
All
with its site.horizontal
and vertical Rhythm
Flows
To
lines are a
Which
distinctive
They Must
Pass.
feature of

HITECTURE

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LIVING SPACES

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"The thing
always
happens
that you
really
believe in,
and the
belief in a

Fallingwater
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HITECTURE

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mast
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PLAN
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"The thing
always
happens
that you
really
believe in,
and the
belief in a

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HITECTURE

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S
E
C
T
I
O
N
S

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"The thing
always
happens
that you
really
believe in,
and the
belief in a

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D EPARTMENT OF ARC

mon R.

m
a
s
t
Guggenheim Museum
c
Established- 1071 Fifth 193 e R
h
7
Ave.,

HITECTURE

At the
Location- Upper East Side,
New York City,
beginn
Type- Art
United
States
museum
i
ing it
Areawas
0.9acres (0.36 ha)
t
called
Built- 1959
e
the
Wright, Frank Lloyd; Cohen, Geo
Architect:
c
Museu
Architecturalstyle(s
"The thing
Modern):Movement
t
m of
always
happens
NonIt was completed
in 1959, six months after Wrights
deat
that you
really
Objecti
believe in,
and the
Architecture
Design
Theory
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ve
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belief in a

faade stone
glass
titanium
building structure steel

Design
Features
The seven-storey
: building

HITECTURE

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Construction
materials used:-

has a spiral form around an

open well, with a huge
skylight as a roof
The unique feature of this design
is that while looking at any one
painting, all other paintings are
always visible, since the whole
exhibition can be seen at any
point on the ramp.

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Form
And
Functio
"The thing
n Were
always
happens
One,
that you
really
Unified
believe in,
Architecture Design Theory -IVand the
JANUARY-APRIL 2012

belief in a

Special importance
to lighting IS GIVEN.
By using both
daylight
and
The circular,
artificial
inverted,light,
and a
three
dimensional
truncated
conical
effect
was created.
main space
is lit by
The circular form
a dome and a
of the spiral
ground floor is left
adds to the
as an open circular
sense of
court.
space was the invisible
fountain ,from
movement.
which all rhythm flows to which they must
pass

HITECTURE

D EPARTMENT OF ARC

mast
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"The thing
always
happens
that you
really
believe in,
and the
belief in a

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The
main
construction material
is concrete in a variety
of forms such as
reinforced
and
sprayed concrete, as
the spiral ramp design
depends
on
the
The materials
character
of used
the
in its construction
material.

were basically
precast concrete
the colors
blocks.

HITECTURE

D EPARTMENT OF ARC

MATERIALS

of buildings
should be
derived
from
nature and
should be
adapted to
harmonize
with the
building
materials

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supportin
g,
reinforced
the nature
concrete
of
spiral
materials.
beam
Wood
forms the should look
structural like wood,
showing its
system.
grain and
The flat
natural
beam
color, with
acts like a the same
continuou applying to
brick,
s ramp.
This ramp stone and
plaster.
used on the
is The
the white paint
internal wallsEach
makes the
architectu
works of art material
stand out.
ral space
should

mast
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"The thing
always
happens
that you
really
believe in,
and the
belief in a

Architecture Design
Theory -IV
show its
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mast
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Wright directs visitors

via a ramp to the top
of the building, and
The tour begins at the
down a gentle
helicoidally ramp so
entrance and slowly
that almost without
leads visitors to a path
"The thing
always
realizing it, the work
where the artworks are
happens
set out at different
exposed along a spiral
that you
really
levels is
ramp lit by a large
believe in,
interconnected,
yet
skylight at its
zenith
and the
Architecture
Design
Theory
-IV
CRUST
JANUARY-APRIL
belief in a
distinct2012
from one
divided in the shape of a

HITECTURE

D EPARTMENT OF ARC

The Museum
Guggenheim exhibits a
great difference to the
buildings in the vicinity
because of its spiral
shape, marked by the
merging of triangles,
ovals, arcs, circles and
squares, which
correspond to the concept
of organic architecture
used

HITECTURE

D EPARTMENT OF ARC

PLAN
AND
GROU
ND
FLOO
R
SECTIONAL
VIEW

CRUST

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"The thing
always
happens
that you
really
believe in,
and the
belief in a

Architecture Design Theory -IV

JANUARY-APRIL 2012

i
t
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c
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D EPARTMENT OF ARC

HITECTURE

ROBEIS HOUSE

mast
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5757 South
Location:
Woodlawn
Avenue,
Chicago,
Cook
Built:
1909 County,
Illinois
USA Lloyd
Architect: ,Frank
Wright
Architectura Prairie style
lstyle(s):
DesignatedSeptember
:
15, 1971

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"The thing
always
happens
that you
really
believe in,
and the
belief in a

e of the best example of prairie style of architectu

CRUST

Architecture Design Theory -IV

JANUARY-APRIL 2012

D EPARTMENT OF ARC

DESIGN FEATURES :

mast
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HITECTURE

STRUCTURE
The projecting cantilevered roof
From a
eaves, continuous bands of artdistance, this
glass windows, and the use of
complex and
Roman brick emphasize
the
To emphasize
expensive
the nature of
horizontal`
the horizontal tuck pointing
materials.
of the bricks, creates an
Wood should
the horizontal impression of
look like wood,
continuous
joints were
showing its
lines of
filled with a
grain and
"The thing
cream-colored horizontal color always
natural color,
and minimizes happens
mortar and
with the same
that you
the
appearance
the
small
applying to
really
believe in,
vertical joints of individual
brick, stone
and
and the
Architecture
Design
Theory
-IV
bricks.
were
filled
CRUST
plaster. Each
JANUARY-APRIL
2012
belief in a

i
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mast
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HITECTURE

D EPARTMENT OF ARC

structure also
eliminates the
The steel beams in
need
for
the ceilings and floors
internal
carrying most of the
structural
building's weight to
columns
and
piers at the east and
walls,
west ends. As a result,
accenting the
the
exterior
walls
open
plan
have little structural
Wright favored
The function,
design and thus are
The
house
filled art
with doors and
of
the
contains 174 art
containing
glass windows
glass window and
art glass
windows
is an panels.
door panels in 29
abstract
different designs.
pattern
of
Wright
colored and
occasionally
clear
glass
designed
art
using structure,
30 and
glass
A using
largely steel
accounts for the
60-degree
stylized minimal
formsdeflection
of the eaves.
angles.
from nature, the
designs of the
Robie House art
JANUARY-APRIL 2012

CRUST

i
t
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t

"The thing
always
happens
that you
really
believe in,
and the
belief in a

Architecture Design Theory -IV

D EPARTMENT OF ARC

OME GREAT QUOTES

# The architect must be a prophet .
. . a prophet in the true sense of the
term . . . if he can't see at least ten
years
don'tmost
call him
an tools
# "An ahead
architect's
useful
architect"
are an eraser at the drafting

mast
c
eR
h

HITECTURE

board,
andhabit
a wrecking
bar at
the
# Get the
of analysis
- analysis
will in
site"
time enable synthesis to become your habit

of Form
mind."
#
follows function- that has been
misunderstood. Form and function should be
one,
a spiritual
union."
#
Thejoined
spaceinwithin
becomes
the reality

of the
building"
"Space
is the
breath of art"
#"Less is only more where more is no
good."

CRUST

"The thing
always
happens
that you
really
believe in,
and the
belief in a

Architecture Design Theory -IV

JANUARY-APRIL 2012

i
t
e
c
t

mast
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# Frank Lloyd Wright

# Organic
was an architect who
architecture was a
was a pioneer in
philosophy created
modern style, and he
by Wright. It means
is considered one of
that a building
the greatest figures
should be developed # With
# The
particular
in architecture
in the
out of its natural
the
open
function of the
20th-century
surroundings.
planning
building, its
#
One
of
the
Originality was
of one
environment, and
many
fundamental
shown in his designs room
the type of
contributions
was
for public and privateflowing
materials
the
use
of
building
"The thing
structures.
into
employed
in
the
always
materials for their
another
structure should happens
natural colors s
that you
his
be
the
things
that
really
well as structural
believe in,
interiors
ultimately
characteristics
.
and the
Architecture
Design
Theory
-IV
emphasiz
determined
the
CRUST
JANUARY-APRIL 2012
belief in a

HITECTURE

D EPARTMENT OF ARC

CONCLUSION

i
t
e
c
t

A
N
C
H
A
L

Y
A
D
A
V
P
A
R
U
L

THANKS

S
O
N
I
J
A