Fabrication and Optimization of Cooling Tower

Presented by :

Abhishek Kumar

OBJECTIVE
To Fabricate a working model of a counter-flow, induced draft
cooling tower
To measure the efficiency of fabricated model
To optimize the parameters effecting
cooling tower

the performance of

WHAT IS COOLING
TOWER?
A cooling tower is a heat rejection device,
which extracts waste heat to the atmosphere
though the cooling of a water stream
to a lower temperature.
Cooling Technology Institute (CTI),
USA

WORKING PRINCIPLE
Cooling Towers work on the principle of
evaporation.

Air flows around water droplets

Part of water gets evaporated

And water temperature decreases

Air temperature increases

COMPONENTS OF COOLING
TOWER
Frame and casing
Fan
Fill
Collecting reservoir
Drift eliminators
Air inlet
Nozzles / Spray tree

WORKING OF COOLING
TOWER

TYPES OF COOLING TOWER

Cooling towers are generally classified based on the following factors,
1. Method by which air is introduced into the tower.

2. Flow configuration inside the tower.

1. AIR INTRODUCTION METHOD

Induced Draft
1. Natural Draft Cooling Tower

Forced Draft

2. Mechanical Draft Cooling Tower

2. FLOW

CONFIGURATION

Induced Draft Cross Flow

Induced Draft Counter Flow

FACTORS AFFECTING
COOLING RATE
The dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures of
the air
The temperature of warm water

The area of contact between air and hot water

The contact time between the air and the
water
Humidity of Air
Flow rate of Air

APPLICATIONS
Common cooling applications for Industrial Purpose

Power Plant
Petroleum Refineries
Natural gas Processing Plants
Food processing plants

HVAC (Heating, ventilation & air conditioning)

WORK DONE TILL DATE

Study of Cooling Tower : Classification, Principle, Working, Practical
Application & Various Parameters effecting the effectiveness of cooling
tower
Basic Idea for Fabrication

WORK TO BE DONE
Fabrication of cooling tower
Measuring the effectiveness of the model
Problems of cooling tower and its troubleshooting
Optimization of various parameters of cooling tower

PERFORMANCE
EVALUATION INDEX
The
cooling tower efficiency is computed as:
Where,

is the wet-bulb temperature of inlet air,

is the inlet water temperature,

is the Outlet water temperature.
Cooling capability is the actual reduction heat of cooling water in unit time.
Computed as :
Q=
Where,

q is the circulating water flow, kg\s,

is the specific heat at constant pressure, kJ/kgC