WRITING

CITATIONS
APA Style Guide
MLA Formatting & Style Guide
Chicago Manual of Style

Why should you acknowledge

your sources?
Citations

reflect the careful

and thorough work you have
put into locating and exploring
your sources.

Citations

are a courtesy to the

reader, who may share your
interest in a particular area of
scholarship.

Why should you acknowledge

your sources?
By

citing sources, you

demonstrate your integrity and
skill as a responsible
participant in the conversation
of scholarship.

Failure

to provide adequate
citations constitutes
plagiarism.

What is
plagiarism?
Oxford Dictionary

definition: to take and use

as ones own the thoughts,
writings, or inventions of
another. (OED 1987)

In

other words, the act of

using the words or ideas of
another and calling them

Widely used
formats
APA Style Guide
MLA Formatting & Style Guide
Chicago Manual of Style

MLA vs APA
Date
Modern Language
Association

American
Psychological
Association

The date
follows the
publisher in the
citation and is
not in
parentheses.

The date
follows the
author and is in
parentheses.

MLA vs APA
Date
MLA
Salazar, Evelyn

S. A Comprehensive Guide
to Reading and Learning English. Quezon
City, Philippines: Phoenix Publishing
House, 2005.

APA
Salazar, E.

S. (2005). A comprehensive
guide to reading and learning English.
Quezon City, Philippines: Phoenix
Publishing House.

MLA vs APA
Authors Name
Modern Language
Association

The authors
full name (first
and last) is
spelled out.

American
Psychological
Association

The authors
last name is
spelled out and
the first name
is reduced to
initials.

MLA vs APA
Authors Name
MLA
Salazar, Evelyn

S. A Comprehensive Guide
to Reading and Learning English. Quezon
City, Philippines: Phoenix Publishing
House, 2005.

APA
Salazar, E.

S. (2005). A comprehensive
guide to reading and learning English.
Quezon City, Philippines: Phoenix
Publishing House.

MLA vs APA
Capitalization
Modern Language
Association
All major words in the
title are capitalized
and the title is
underlined.

American
Psychological
Association
Only the first word of
the title, the first word
of a subtitle, and any
proper nouns (like
names) are capitalized.
Everything else is
lowercase. Also, the
title is written in
italics.

MLA vs APA
Capitalization
MLA
Salazar, Evelyn

S. A Comprehensive Guide
to Reading and Learning English. Quezon
City, Philippines: Phoenix Publishing
House, 2005.

APA
Salazar, E.

S. (2005). A comprehensive
guide to reading and learning English.
Quezon City, Philippines: Phoenix
Publishing House.

MLA vs APA
Source Page
Modern Language
Association

The source
page is
called a
Works
Cited.

American
Psychological
Association

The source
page is
called a
References
.

MLA vs APA
In-Text Citation
Modern Language
Association

American
Psychological
Association

MLA uses the

last name of
the author and
the page
number.

APA uses the

last name of
the author and
the date.

MLA vs APA
In-Text Citation
Modern Language
Association

American
Psychological
Association

MLA does not use

commas to
separate the
material, or p.
pp. before the
page numbers.

APA does use

commas and, if a
page is
mentioned, uses
p. and pp.

MLA vs APA
In-Text Citation
MLA:(Burns

101)
APA:(Burns,
1999, p. 4)

APA General
Format: BOOK

Author, A.
(Year). Title of
book. Location:
Publisher.
Page.

Example:
Zautra, A. (2006).
Emotions, stress, and
health. New York:
Oxford University
Press. p.4.

APA General
Format: BOOK (2
or more authors)
Aauthor, A., Bauthor,
B., & Cauthor, C.
(Year). Title of book.
Location: Publisher.
Page.

Example:
Bancroft, G. J.,
Gardner, M., &
Playfair, J. H. (2004).
Infection and
immunity. Oxford:
Oxford University
Press. pp.46-80.

APA General
Format: BOOK
(unknown
author)
Title of book.
(Year). Place of
publication:

Example:

Education
Handbook.
(2005). London:
Longman Press.
p.56 .

APA General
Format: JOURNAL

Author, A.
(Year). Title of
article. Journal
Title, Vol(no) if
given, pages.

Example:
McGill, K. (2006).
Reading the valley:
performance as a
rhetoric of dimension.
Text and Performance
Quarterly, 26(4), pp.
389-404.

APA General
Format: MAGAZINE

Author, A. (Year,
Month day). Title
of article. Title of
Magazine, volume
if given, pagenumbers.

Example:
Reppel, F. G. (2003,
February 13).
Conflict and
cognitive
control. Natural
Science, 33, pp.
969-970.

APA General
Format:
NEWSPAPER

Author, A. (Year,
Month Day). Title
of article. Title of
Newspaper,
pages.

Example:
Lee, S. (2006,
October 3).
Malaysia off the
priority
watch list for
pirated movies,
music. New Straits
Times, p. 6.

CHICAGO MANUAL
OF STYLE: book
Michael

Pollan, The
Omnivores Dilemma: A
Natural History of Four
Meals (New York:
Penguin, 2006), 99100.

CHICAGO MANUAL
OF STYLE: journal
Joshua

I. Weinstein,
The Market in Platos
Republic, Classical
Philology 104 (2009):
440.

CHICAGO MANUAL
OF STYLE:
magazine/newspaper
Daniel

Mendelsohn,
But Enough about Me,
New Yorker, January
25, 2010, 68.

WRITING
CITATIONS
Exercises

Write a citation entry using

APA style guide.
TYPE: Book
TITLE: The Truth Behind
the Myths
AUTHOR/S:
Gina
S.
Benitez,
Teresita
B.
Samson,
Joana
C.
Evangelista, Betina L. Uy
PUBLISHER: Silver Copies
Publishing House, Inc.

Answer:
Benitez, G. S.,
Evangelista, J.
C., Samson, T. B.,
& Uy, B.
L. (1995). The
truth behind
the myths. Pasay

Write a citation entry using

APA style guide.
TYPE: Book
TITLE: Philippine
Festivities
AUTHOR/S: Sarah G. Yu,
Barbara Mateo
PUBLISHER: Prints
Publishing House, Inc.
LOCATION: Manila

Answer:
Mateo, B. & Yu, S. G.
(2003).
Philippine
festivities.
Manila: Prints
Publishing
House, Inc.

Write a citation entry using

APA style guide.
TYPE: Magazine MOD
TITLE: The Philippines
Yesterday, Today, and
Tomorrow pp. 20-22
AUTHOR/S:
PUBLISHER:
LOCATION:
DATE/YEAR: June 11,

Answer:
The Philippines
yesterday,
today, and
tomorrow.
(2002, June 11).
MOD, pp.
20-22.

Write a citation entry using

APA style guide.
TYPE: Journal The
Medical Journal
TITLE: How to
Overcome a Traumatic
Experience pp. 5-6
AUTHOR/S: Darren C.
Bates
PUBLISHER:

Answer:
Bates, D. C.(2000,
March 20).
How to overcome
a
traumatic
experience. The
Medical Journal,

Write a citation entry using

APA style guide.
TYPE: Book
TITLE: The Secret to
Success
AUTHOR/S: Virginia M.
Hamilton, Theodore N.
Levi
PUBLISHER: Flyleaf
Publishing, Inc.

Answer:
Hamilton, V. M. &
Levi, T. N.
(2012). The secret
to
success. Chicago:
Flyleaf
Publishing, Inc.

Write a citation entry using

APA style guide.
TYPE: Newspaper The
Philippine Times
TITLE: My Success
Story p.3
AUTHOR/S: Wilson V.
Cheng
PUBLISHER:
LOCATION:

Answer:
Cheng, W. V. (2009,
January
5). My success
story. The
Philippine Times,
p.3.

Write a citation entry using

APA style guide.
TYPE: Book
TITLE: Early Language
Development p.3
AUTHOR/S: Herman
Grece, Rick Gregory
PUBLISHER: McGrawHill Publishing
LOCATION: New York
DATE/YEAR: 2008

Answer:
Grece, H. & Gregory,
R.
(2008). Early
language
development. New
York:
McGraw-Hill. p.3.

Write a citation entry using

APA style guide.
TYPE: Newspaper The
Philippine Star
TITLE: The Heroes in
Four Walls p.A-6
AUTHOR/S: Vberni
Regalado
PUBLISHER:
LOCATION:
DATE/YEAR: November

Answer:
Regalado, V. (2015,
November 6). The
heroes
in four walls. The
Philippine Star.
p.A-6.

Write a citation entry using

APA style guide.
TYPE: Magazine Cosmopolitan
TITLE: How to Moveon this Holiday Season
pp.48-49
AUTHOR/S: Mara
Raymundo, Ella Apalla
PUBLISHER:
LOCATION:

Answer:
Apalla, E. &
Raymundo, M.
(2015, December).
How to
move-on this
holiday
season.

Write a citation entry using

APA style guide.
TYPE: Journal The
Education Journal
TITLE: Educ Ballers
Nab Thomasian
Goodwill
Championship p. 1
AUTHOR/S: Ralph
Sekito
PUBLISHER:
LOCATION:

Answer:
Sekito, R. (October,
2012). Educ ballers
nab Thomasian
Goodwill
championship. The
Education Journal.
p.1.

The
Challenge
for you
#PlagiarismConfessions

#PlagiarismConfessions
Tonight

in Facebook, post as your

status the worst action of plagiarism
you have committed. Then, write a
promise of how you will correct this
grave mistake of dishonesty. Use the
official hashtag
#PlagiarismConfessions. Posts will be
graded according to your honesty to
confess the misconduct made, and
determination to change for the
better. (Project: 50 points)

WRITING
CITATIONS
QUIZ

Answer 1-5
Bancroft, G. J.,
Gardner, M.,
& Playfair, J. H.
(2004).

Infection
and immunity.

Answer 6-10
Education
handbook.
(2005).
London:
Longman

Answer 11-15
McGill, K. (2006).
Reading the
valley:
performance as a
rhetoric of
dimension. Text
and Performance

Answer 16-20
Bates, D. C.(2000,
March 20).
How to overcome
a
traumatic
experience. The
Medical Journal,

Answer 21-25
Reppel, F. G.(2003,
February
13). Conflict and
cognitive
control. Natural
Science,
pp.969-970.

Answer 26-30
Chua, Q. S.(2006,
October 3).
Malaysia off the
priority
watch list for
pirated
movies, music.