Power System: Power

Flow Analysis
EC 6010
2016/2017

University of Jaffna
Instructors:
Mr. Thanatheepan Balachandran
Dr. Visvakumar Aravinthan
Wichita State University
University of Jaffna: EE 6010. This material is for course use

Power Flow Solutions

University of Jaffna: EE 6010. This material is for course use

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Determine VL and power consumed by the load

VL

0V

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VL

0V

Apply ohms Law

Current through 12V source:
Current through 10V source:

Current through load:

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VL

0V

Apply KCL

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VL

0V

Apply KCL

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VL

0V

Apply KCL

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Larger System

Legend
Conductor
Source
Load
Node

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Larger System

Node Equations

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Larger System

Simplification

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Larger System

Matrix Form

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Network Equations

Solution techniques: Direct method

For a unique solution
Independent equations should be equal to variables

Inverse of coefficient matrix should exist

Determinant of coefficient matrix should be non zero

Coefficient matrix should be full rank

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Network Equations

Direct method: Gauss Elimination

Objective: coefficient matrix an upper triangular matrix

Step 1: For rows (2 to N), multiply row 1

For ith row

Then row i from subtract from multiplied row 1

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Network Equations

Direct method: Gauss Elimination

Example: Step 1

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Example: Step 1

General formulation for Gauss Elimination

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Example: Step 1

Use the general formulation for the given problem

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Example: Step 1

Simplify

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Resultant Network Equations

Step 2: Continue for the 2nd column

Leave row 1 and start with row 2
For rows (3 to N), multiply row 2
For ith row

Then row i from subtract from multiplied row 2

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Example: Step 2

General formulation for Gauss Elimination

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Example: Step 2

Gauss Elimination

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Example: Step 2

Simplify

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Resultant Network Equations

Step 3: Continue for the 3rd column

Leave row 1,2 and start with row 3
For rows (3 to N), multiply row 3
For ith row

Then row i from subtract from multiplied row 3

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Example: Step 3

General formulation for Gauss Elimination

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Example: Step 3

Simplify

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Resultant Network Equations

Step 4: Continue for the 4th column

Leave row 1,2,3 and start with row 4
For rows (4 to N), multiply row 4
For ith row

Then row i from subtract from multiplied row 4

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Example: Step 4

General formulation for Gauss Elimination

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Example: Step 4

Simplify

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Example: Step 5

In equation form

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Example: Step 5

Solve above equations

Start from the final row equation (5)

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Example: Step 5

Subtitute in equation (4)

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Example: Step 5

Subtitute in equation (3)

4.0959
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Example: Step 5

Subtitute4.0959 in equation (2)

2.7127
2.7127
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Example: Step 5

Subtitute2.7127 in equation (1)

6.6063

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Example: Step 5

Solutions

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Network Equations - Check the solution

Use Matlab to solve the equation

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Solution

Answers

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Problems with the Gauss Elimination and Back substitution

Need higher storage for Gauss elimination process

Need more time for the Gauss elimination process
and Back Substitution
What is the solution?
Iterative method
- Start with initial guess
- Find the solution using the initial condition through
iterative method until some stopping criteria met

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Iterative solution Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel method

Initialize X(0) =
X0

No

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Iterative solution Jacobi and GaussSeidel method

Consider the discussed question

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Network Equations

In general form

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Network Equations

Consider the row of a larger matrix with n rows and N columns

Solving for

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Iteration algorithm

This will become a matrix when all rows are

considered
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Iteration algorithm

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Iteration algorithm

In matrix form

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Iteration algorithm

This can be written as follows

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Iteration algorithm

Define

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Iteration algorithm

Define

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Iteration algorithm

It can be written as

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Iteration algorithm

Example

1
Solve the following liner equation using iterative
method.
Start with the initial guess ; and stopping criteria is
satisfied
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First we write D and A and evaluate M

,,

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Example 1
Solve the following liner equation using iterative method.
Start with the initial guess ; and stopping criteria is satisfied

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Start
with the initial guess ; and iterate until stopping criteria is

satisfied

When
Start with initial guess
Check the stopping criteria

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Start
with the initial guess ; and iterate until stopping criteria is

satisfied

When ,
Check the stopping criteria

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Start
with the initial guess ; and iterate until stopping criteria is

satisfied

When ,
When
Check the stopping criteria

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Matlab code for the iteration
clc; clear all;
A=[10,5;2,9];
D=[10 0;0,9];
y=[6;3];
M=D^-1*(D-A);
X=[0;0];
epsilon=0.0001;
while 1
X
Y=M*X+(D^-1)*y;
if (abs(( Y(1)-X(1))/ X(1))<epsilon) && (abs(( Y(2)-X(2))/
X(2))<epsilon)
break
end
X=Y;
end

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Matlab code for the iteration - simulation
X=
0
0
X=
0.6000
0.3333
X=
0.4333
0.2000
X=
0.5000
0.2370

X=
0.4815
0.2222
X=
0.4889
0.2263
X=
0.4868
0.2247
X=
0.4877
0.2251

X=
0.4874
0.2250
X=
0.4875
0.2250

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Start with the initial guess ; and iterate until stopping criteria is
satisfied

Writing a Matlab code for the iteration

6
0.43
334
0.33 0.2
333

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0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48

148 889 683 766 743 752 749
0.23 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22
704 222 634 469 515 496 502 500

When
Check the stopping criteria met

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Solve the following problem using Jacobi Method

Rewrite equation

In iterative form

When x(k+1) = x(k) solution reached