MANUFACTURING

OF STEAM TURBINES
UNDER GUINDANCE OF

N.ARUN BABU
M.TECH,P.H.D

TEAM:
SK.SAJID

13QP1AO3A1

Introduction
Turbine is used to
convert thermorised
pressure energy into
mechanical power
The steam turbine is
steam driven rotary
engine.

Principle of steam
turbine:

The steam energy is converted

mechanical work by expansion through
the turbine.

Expansion takes place through a series of

fixed blades(nozzles) and moving blades.

In each row fixed blade and moving blade

is called stage.

Steam turbine:
Steam Turbine System:

Widely used in CHP(combined heat and power)

applications.

Oldest prime mover technology

Capacities: 50 kW to 100 MW

Thermodynamic cycle is the Rankine cycle that uses a

boiler

Types of steam turbine:

There are two main types

1.

Impulse steam turbine

2.

Reaction steam turbine

Impulse steam turbine:

The

basic idea of an impulse

turbine is that a jet of steam from
a fixed nozzle pushes against the
rotor blades and impels them
forward.

The

velocity of steam is twice as

fast as the velocity of blade.

Pressure

drops take place in the

fixed blade (nozzle).

The single stage impulse

turbine:
The

turbine consists of a single rotor to

which impulse blades are attached.

The

steam is fed through one or several

convergent nozzles.

If

high velocity of steam is allowed to

flow through one row of moving blades.

It

produces a rotor speed of about 30000

rpm which is too high for practical use.

Reaction steam turbine:

A reaction turbine utilizes a jet of steam that flows

from a nozzle on the rotor.

Actually, the steam is directed into the moving blades

by fixed blades designed to expand the steam.

The result is a small increase in velocity over that of the

moving blades.

Velocity diagram:

Schematic diagram:

Cross section view:

Components of steam
turbine:

Main components are

1.

Casing

2.

Rotor

3.

Blades

4.

Stop and control valve

5.
6.

governor
Bearing

steam turbine and blades

Construction of steam turbines

1 steam pipeline
2 inlet control valve
3 nozzle chamber
4 nozzle-box
5 outlet
6 stator
7 blade carrier
8 casing

9 rotor disc
10 rotor
11 journal bearing
13 thrust bearing
14 generator rotor
15 coupling
16 labyrinth packing
19 steam bleeding (extraction)

21 bearing pedestal
22 safety governor
23 main oil pump
24 centrifugal governor
25 turning gear
29 control stage impulse blading

Problems in steam turbine:

Stress corrosion carking

Corrosion fatigue

Pitting

Oil lubrication

imbalance of the rotor can lead to vibration

misalignment
Thermal fatigue

BLADE FAILURES:

Unknown 26%

Stress-Corrosion Cracking 22%

High-Cycle Fatigue 20%

Corrosion-Fatigue Cracking 7%

Temperature Creep Rupture 6%

Low-Cycle Fatigue 5%

Corrosion 4%

Other causes 10%

Thank you