BFC 20903 (Mechanics of Materials)

Chapter 2: Stress and Strain

Transformation
NOOR AZLINA ABDUL HAMID
MA-102-09
07-4564233
azlinah@uthm.edu.my

Contents
2.1 Plane stress transformation
2.2 Principal stress and maximum in plane shear
stress
2.3 Mohr circle plane stress
2.4 Plane strain transformation
2.5 Principal strain and maximum in shear strain
2.6 Mohr circle plane strain

General state of stress

Plane stress 2D view

Orientation of an element of
material

Plane Stress and Mohr Circle

Stress Analysis Using Equation and Mohr

Diagram Method

Rotation angle,
Clockwise ve
Counterclockwise
+ve

Principal stresses occur on the principal planes of stress with

zero shear
stress

Maximum shearing stress

Normal stress on the y and xaxis

Shear stress corresponds to x and y

Example 8
For the state of plane stress shown, determine
(a) the principal stress
(b) principal planes
(c)maximum shear stress

Example 8: Solution

EXERCISE
The state of plane stress at a failure point on shaft as
shown in Fig. Represent this stress state in terms of its
principal stresses
90
MPa

60
MPa

20
MPa

Solution
From the established sign convention, we have
x = -20 MPa, y = 90 MPa, xy = 60 MPa

Orientation of element
tan 2 p

2 xy

x y

2(60)
47.49 0 p 2 23.7 0
( 20 90)

Recall that must be measured positive counterclockwise

from the x axis to the outward normal (x axis) on the face of
the element.

 Principal stress

max,min

x y
2

20 90
x
y
2

xy

2
2

max 116 MPa

20 90
2
60
2

min 46.4 MPa

 The principal plane on which each normal stress

acts can be determined with p2 = -23.70

x'

x y

x y

cos 2 xy sin 2

2
2
20 90 20 90
x'

cos 2(23.7 0 ) 60 sin 2(23.7 0 )

2
2

x ' 46.4 MPa

Example 10
The state of plane stress at a point on a body is
represented on the element as shown in Fig.
Represent this stress state in terms of maximum inplane shear stress and associated average normal
stress

From the established sign convention, we have

x = -20 MPa, y = 90 MPa, xy = 60 MPa

Orientation of element
x y (20 90)
tan 2 s 2

42.50 s 2 21.30
2 xy
2(60)
Note how these angles are formed between x and x axes.

Maximum in-plane shear stress

max

x y

2
2

xy

20 90
2

(60) 2 81.4 MPa

The shear stress corresponding to s2 = 21.30 can be

x y
determined by

xy '
sin 2 xy cos 2

xy '

20 90

sin 2( 21.30 ) 60 cos 2( 21.30 ) 81.4 MPa

2

This positive result indicates that max = xy acts in the positive

y direction on this face ( = 21.30).

x y

avg stress

Average normal
2

20 90
35MPa
2

Mohr Circle

Mohrs circle can be used to determine the principal stresses, the

maximum in-plane shear stress and average normal stress or the
stress on any arbitrary plane.

By adding and squaring each equation, the value of can be eliminated

Mohr Circle: Two manners

Example 11
Using Mohrs cirlce method. Determine:
(a) normal and shearing stresses after
rotated 400
(b) principal stress
(c)maximum shear stress

Example 11: Solution

Determine the centre line, C and radius of Mohrs circle R
C
=

Determine the coordinate A and A as a stress on x and y

A ( = 15 Mpa and = 4 Mpa)
A ( = 5 Mpa and = - 4 Mpa)

 (-ve)

max = 16.4
x = 14.81

A (5,- 4)

xy = -4
60.670

Q
C

38.660

min = 3.6

y = 5.19

Determine the angle of ACP,

location of plane for the
maximum stress
tan 2 = 4/5 =
38.660
p = 19.330
Determine B as a plane of x
corresponds to the angle of
400
2 = 800 from A
Angle BCP = 800- p = 60.670
(a) So, stress on xis point B
and stress on yis point B

0
A (15, 4) x = 10 + 6.4cos 41.34 = 14.81 MPa
xy = -6.4sin 41.340 = -4.23 MPa

y = 10 - 6.4cos 41.340 = 5.19 MPa

xy = 6.4sin 41.340 = 4.23 MPa
x= 15
(+ve)

(b) Principal stress is point P

and Q
(c) Max shear stress is point S

3.6 MPa
5.19 MPa

16.4 MPa
p = 19.30

14.81 MPa
= 400
4.23 MPa

Stress on principal
plane

Stress on plane after

rotated 400

6.4 MPa
smax = 900 - 38.660 = 25.670
Shear stress on the
shear plane

- END -