ATOMS

PROTONS, NEUTRONS AND ELECTRONS

Protons have a positive charge and weigh the
same as a neutron.
Neutrons have a neutral charge and weigh the
same as a proton.
Electrons have a negative charge and have
almost no mass.

THINK ABOUT IT?

Where are all the heaviest parts of the atom
located?

In the nucleus of the atom!

Which particles are in the nucleus?

The protons and neutrons!

What are atoms mostly made up of?

Empty space!

ATOMIC NUMBER AND MASS

Atomic number- number of protons in an atom
Atomic mass-number of protons and neutrons in
an atom

HOW MANY ELECTRONS DOES THE

ATOM NEED TO BE HAPPY?
2 in the first shell
8 in each shell after

ATOMS ARE TOO SMALL TO BE SEEN SO

HOW DO WE KNOW ABOUT THEM?
Think, pair, share! 2 minutes
We build models
Observations are made during experiments and
then we infer things about atoms based on our
observations.

DALTON
Observations
All Matter is composed of tiny
particles called atoms

Inference about atom

All atoms of a given element

are alike.

A chemical reaction
involves the
rearrangement of
atoms.

Compounds are formed when

different atoms are put
together in a particular
arrangement

THOMSON
Observations
Negative particles moved the
the positive ends of a tube.
Positive particles moved to
the negative end of the tube.
Positive particles are way
more massive.

Inference about atom

Its a positive glob with
negative things stuck in it.
Kind of like plum pudding!

RUTHERFORD
Observations
Most of the particles went
through the gold foil but some
of them bounced back.

Inference about atom

There is a hard,
dense, positive
nucleus. Most of the
atom is empty space!

BOHR
Observations
Nucleus is surrounded by
orbiting electrons at different
energy levels.
Electrons have definite orbits
or paths around the nucleus.

Inferences
Electrons can jump from one
path to another!

HOW AND WHY HAS OUR MODEL OF AN

ATOM CHANGED OVER TIME?
How?
It has changed from being the same thoughout to
being made of smaller charged particles to
having a nucleus.
Why?
Weve done more experiments with better
technology and learned new things.

CURRENT MODEL OF AN ATOM

WHAT ARE SOME LIMITATIONS OF OUR

MODEL OF THE ATOM?
The electrons are really far away from the
nucleus. If the nucleus were the size of an
orange, the electrons would be as far away as the
size of the school.
The movement of the electron is not in specific
paths.

ATOMS COMBINE TO MAKE MOLECULES

Molecules are made up of two or more atoms.

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN

ATOMS AND MOLECULES?

HOW DO THE STATES OF MATTER

DIFFER?

STATES OF MATTER
Atoms are always moving regardless of the state
of matter they are in.

PHASE CHANGES

HEATING STATES OF MATTER

The volume of an object can increase when the
temperature increases. Can you think of an
example of this?

PLASMA

WHAT IS DIFFUSION?
Molecules moving from a high concentration to a
low concentration.
This process is made possible because molecules
are constantly moving and bumping into each
other.