What is Matter?

Matter
• Matter is anything that has mass and
occupies space.
• Matter has weight due to the gravitational
force acting upon the mass.
• Matter has volume because it occupies
space.
 Matter
Non-Living Matter
Living Matter

rocks

human
animal
water
soil

air
plant
Classify the items below into living matter and non-living matter.
 The Kinetic Theory
1. The Kinetic Theory states that matter is
made up of very tiny, discrete particles
and the particles move faster when
heated.

particle
 State of Matter
-Solids, Liquids and Gases-
 State of Matter
• Matter can exist in one of the 3 states.
 State of Matter
• The state of matter is depend on the
arrangement of particles in the matter.

solid liquid gas

Particles are Particles are Particles are very
packed very packed quite far apart and not
closed together close but not arranged at all.
and orderly systematically
arranged. arranged
 Solids
Steel, plastic and wood are solids. Ice is solid water.
The particles in a solid have the following characteristics:
•they are close together
•they are arranged in a regular pattern
•they can vibrate in a fixed position
•they cannot move from place to place
 Properties of Solids
Solids have a fixed shape and cannot flow
because the particles cannot move from a
position to the other position.

They cannot be compressed because the

particles are close together and there is
no empty space between the partices.
 Liquids
Mercury, lemonade and water are liquids at room temperature.
1. The particles in a liquid are:
• close together
• arranged in a random way
2. The particles in a liquid can:
• move around each other
 Properties of Liquids
They flow and take shape of their
container because the particles can
move around each other,

They cannot be compressed because

the particles are quite close and have
no space to fill the empty space
between the paeticles.
 Gases
Air, helium and chlorine are gases at room temperature.
Water vapour is water as a gas.
1. The particles in a gas are:
• far apart
• arranged in a random way
2. The particles in a gas can:
• move quickly in all directions
 Properties of Gases
They flow and fill up their container because
the particles can move quickly and they
move randomly in all directions,

They can be compressed because the

particles are far apart and the particles can fill
the empty space between the particles.
 Comparing the properties of solid,
liquid and gas.
Solid Liquid Gas
Matter

Property

Arrangement of Systematically Packed quite Not packed and not

the particles arranged and close but not arranged at all
packed very close systematically
together arranged
Ability to flow No Yes Yes

Distance Very close Quite close Very far apart

between
particles
 Solid Liquid Gas
Spaces between Narrow Small Large
particles

Force of Very strong Strong but not Weak because

attraction because the enough to hold the particles are
between particles are the particles in a very far apart
particles arranged in a fixed position from each other
fixed position

Kinetic energy Low energy Moderate energy High energy

Movement of Only vibrate at Vibrate and Vibrate and

particles fixed position andmove freely but move freely, very
cannot move slowly fast and
randomly in all
direction
 Solid Liquid Gas

Shape Has fixed shape Follows the Fills up the whole

shape of the space in a
container container

Volume Definite Definite Not definite,

changes
according to
container

Density High Moderate Low

Compression Cannot be Cannot to be Can be

compressed compressed compressed
because the easily because
particles are there is a lot of
closely arranged spaces between
so that no spaces particles
between particles
 Work your brain 
50 ml of 50 ml of
water alcohol

Less than 100 ml

of water + alcohol
Why the volume of the mixture of water and alcohol is less than 100
ml?
Mixing the water and alcohol enables both particles to fill the empty
spaces between the particles.

Same explanation can be used when mixing soils with rocks.

 Brownian Movement
• The random movement of the gas
particles is known as Brownian movement.
• This name is derived from the name of a
scientist named Robert Brown.

The gas particles are seen to

move constantly in a zig-zag
manner.
 Brownian Movement
• This is because gas particles always
collide with air particles from various
directions.
• The random movement of gas particles
also shows that air particles are also
moving freely and randomly.
Concept of Density
 Density
• Density of an object is defined as the
mass per unit volume of an object.
• Density = Mass
• Volume
• Units for density is gram per centimeters
(g/cm3) and gram per milliliters (g/ml)
 Density
Calculating the density of Substances.

Example 1: A block of wood has mass of 170 g and has volume

of 50 cm3. What is the density of that block of wood?

Density = mass
volume

= 170 g
50 cm3

= 3.4 g/cm3
 Density

Example 2: The density of mercury is 13.6 g/cm3 and has a volume of

30 cm3. Calculate the mass of the mercury?

Density = Mass
volume

= Mass
30 cm3

Mass = 13.6 g/cm3 x 30 cm3

= 408 g
Density for common substances
 Density
• An object floats in a liquid if the object is
less dense than the liquid.

Cork is less
dense than
water

Rock is
more dense
than water
 Density
• A liquid with lower density will float in a
liquid with higher density.
 Air 2.5 g/cm3
Cork 2.5 g/cm3

Corn oil 2.5 g/cm3

Ice g/cm3

Water 2.5 g/cm3

Glycerine 2.5 g/cm3

Glass 2.5 g/cm 3
 The Properties of Matter and
Their Application in Everyday Life
Gas can be compressed

Compressed gas forms liquid and occupies

less space so that a large volume of gas can
be stored.

Compressed gas is safer to store and

transported.
Air is less dense than water

1. Usage of Float

Floats are made of rubber tubes filled with

air. They help the beginner to learn to swim.

2. Usage of Buoy

Buoys are filled with air. They are used to help

ship navigators to avoid dangerous area.
Air is less dense than water
3. Submarine

A submarine has a constant

volume but it can vary its mass
by taking in water into its ballast
tanks.

When water is taken into the ballast

tanks, the mass of submarine
increases making it more dense than
seawater. It submerge into the ocean.

When water is released from

ballast tanks, the density
decrease. It emerge to the surface.
Hot air is less dense than
atmosphere air
Hot Air Balloon

When temperature increases, the air in

the balloon becomes hotter and its
density decreases.

The hot air balloon rises into the sky.

Log is less dense than water

Transporting Logs

Log has lower density than water so

that it can float in the water.

This properties help to transport the logs

by the river to the factory which located
at the river bank.
Thank you