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Kultur Dokumente
GEOGRAPHY OF
ASEAN & ASIA PACIFIC
TUTORIAL 3
GROUP 5
FAKHRIAH NADHIRAH BINTI PESO (118419)
NURUL LAILA QAMARINA BINTI
KAMARUZZAMAN (118748)
LECTURER
DR. SURIATI GHAZALI
Discuss
demographic issues
What is demographic?
Study on population by investigating 3 main d
emographic process.
1. Birth
2. Migration
3. Aging (include death)
This 3 process contribute to changes in
population how people inhabit earth, form of
nations & societies and develop culture
Thailand
Demographic
THAILAND POPULATION
68 091 535
Until 15 MARCH 2016
based on the latest United Nations estimates
(making it the 20th most populous country on earth)
Rural; 52%
2% 1% 1%
Urban; 48%
96%
1% 8%
91%
Thai
Burmese
Other
Thai
Burmese
Other
Unspecified
5% 1% 0% 0%
94%
Buddhist
Muslim
Christian
Other
None
DEMOGRAPHIC
ISSUES
THAILAND
IN THE MIDST OF
DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION !
Demographic
Transition
Rapid
changes in
Mortality
Fertility
Causes
changes in
Low
Fertility Rate
DEMOGRAPHI
C ISSUES
International
Migration
ASEAN
COUNTRIES
http://www.stickmanbangkok.com/ReadersSubmissions2012/reader7741.htm
2. INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION
IMPACT ON THE
DEVELOPMENT
OF COUNTRY
While their wages are low, their impact on the economy is valuable
becausemany of the migrants help to produce or process items for export, such
as
agricultural products, seafood and garments.
The bulk of jobs carried out by migrant workers are low-end jobs that not
enough Thais are willing to accept at the going wage rates.
Today Thailands migration policies seek to limit the number of migrants
from neighbouring countries and keep the status of migrants temporary.
Phumin calls for the retirement age to be raised from 60 to 65 in order to
boost the workforce.
It is equally true, however, that the pension system is not fit to cope with the
daunting challenges of the ageing society
Conclusion : Labor in low sectors are filled by migrant workers.
The reduction of population growth rate did contribute to the better health
of mothers and children.
It reduces infant mortality, maternal deaths and deaths of children
under 5 years old.
However, a great deal of the improvement in the health of populace was
due to the rapid economic growth that took place in the past two decades.
So, with the rise in the per capita income, people privately spent more on
health, contributing to further improvements in public health.
EFFORTS TO OVERCOME
THE PROBLEMS VIA
COOPERATION WITH
OTHER ASEAN &
ASIA PACIFIC COUNTRIES
1. BANGKOK DECLARATION ON
IRREGULAR MIGRATION
The 1999 Bangkok Declaration on Irregular Migration was a major
step forward in regional migration.
A strong commitment by Governments to combat human trafficking in
the region is reflected in initiatives such as the adoption of the
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Convention
on Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Women and
Children for Prostitution in 2002 and the ASEAN Joint Declaration
Against Trafficking in Persons Particularly Women and Children in
November 2004.
In the same year, the six countries of the Greater Mekong
Subregion, namely Cambodia, China, the Lao Peoples Democratic
Republic, Myanmar, Thailand and Viet Nam, signed a memorandum of
understanding on cooperation against trafficking in persons and
established the Coordinated Mekong Ministerial Initiative against
Trafficking (COMMIT) process.
2. THE GOVERNMENT OF
THAILAND SIGNED MOUS
The Government of Thailand signed MOUs with Cambodia, Lao
Peoples Democratic Republic, and Myanmar
in an attempt to regulate the entry of foreign workers and address the
problem of irregular migration by some estimates, the three
countries contribute as much as 90 percent of the total foreign
workers in the country.
The MOUs show the procedures for foreign worker admission,
including information exchange on job opportunities, qualification
requirements, wages and working conditions (from the side of
Thailand) and the list and qualifications of the prospective workers
(from the side of the sending country).
Under the MOUs, recruitment takes place through a mix of
regulated private recruiters (Cambodia) and state agencies (Lao
Peoples Democratic Republic, both private and state).
3. HEALTH COOPERATION
Thailand just not involvement with ASEAN, but Thailand has been
active in a number of other regional and subregional cooperation
initiatives through the APEC and the Ayeyawaddy-Chao PhrayaMekong Economic Cooperation (ACMEC).
Thailand is active in a number of health-specific initiatives such as
the Mekong Basin Disease Surveillance Initiatives (MBDS), the
Mekong Malaria Programme, the South-East Asia Tobacco Control
Alliance, and the Global Partnership on Road Safety.
4. INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIP
FOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
Works in five areas:
Supporting new initiatives to enhance South South cooperation within
the Region and beyond, such as the Thailand Africa Partnership for
Development;
Strengthening the effectiveness and coordination of Thailands Official
Development Assistance, in line with global efforts to increase aid
effectiveness and Thailands commitment to the Paris Declaration;
Analysis, documentation and dissemination of Thailands development
experience, particularly in HIV/AIDS, sustainable agriculture and
microfinance;
Promoting Thai nationals serving abroad as volunteers; and
Promoting partnerships between the UN system and the Thai private
sector.
REFERENCES
Arnold. F, Retherford R. D., & Wanglee A. (1977). The Demographic
Situation in Thailand. Papers of The East-West Population Institute; no. 45.
Campbell B. O., Mason A. & Pernia E. M. (1993). The Economic Impact of
Demographic Change in Thailand, 1980-2015. University of Hawaii Press:
East West Center.
Jerrold W. H & Sureeporn P. (2005). International Migration in Thailand.
Bangkok.
http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/thailand-population
/
http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/thailand-popul
ation
/
http://www.humantrafficking.org/countries/thailand