Microwa

an
Introduction
ve

Electromagnetic wave
Electromagnetic
waves are waves
which
can
travel
through the vacuum of
outer
space
Radio
Waves
Micro Waves
Infrared Rays
Visible Light
Ultraviolet
X rays
Gamma Rays

The electromagnetic spectrum

Name

Wavelength

Frequency (Hz)

Photon energy (eV)

Range width (Bel)

Gamma ray

< 0.02 nm

> 15 EHz

> 62.1 keV

infinite

X-ray

0.01 nm 10 nm

30 EHz 30 PHz

124 keV 124 eV

Ultraviolet

10 nm 400 nm

30 PHz 750 THz

124 eV 3 eV

1.6

Visible light

390 nm 750 nm

770 THz 400 THz

3.2 eV 1.7 eV

0.3

Infrared

750 nm 1 mm

400 THz 300 GHz

1.7 eV 1.24 meV

3.1

Microwave

1 mm 1 m

300 GHz 300 MHz

1.24 meV 1.24 eV

Radio

1 mm 100,000 km

300 GHz 3 Hz

1.24 meV 12.4 feV

Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave

Microwave
Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths
ranging from one meter (100 cm) to one millimeter(0.1 cm) with
frequencies between 300 MHz and 300 GHz

Micro means small not prefix micro

Microwave sources
High-power microwave sources
Vacuum Tubes
Magnetron
Klystron
Traveling-wave Tube (TWT)
Gyrotron
Low-power microwave sources use solid-state devices
Field-effect Transistor
Tunnel Diodes
Gunn Diodes
IMPATT Diodes

Magnetron

Klystron

Traveling-wave Tube

Gyrotron

Field-effect Transistor

Graphene FET hits

100 GHz

Tunnel Diodes

Gunn Diodes

IMPATT Diodes IMPact ionization Avalanche Transit Time microwave diode

Microwave frequency bands

Designati Frequency
on
range

Wavelength
range

L band

1 to 2GHz

15cm to 30cm

S band

2 to 4GHz

C band

4 to 8GHz

X band

8 to 12GHz

Ku band

12 to 18GHz

K band

18 to
26.5GHz

Typical uses

Military Telemetry, GPS, Mobile Phones

(GSM), Amateur Radio
Weather Radar, Surface Ship Radar, And
Some Communications Satellites (Microwave
7.5cm to 15cm Ovens, Microwave Devices/Communications,
Radio Astronomy, Mobile Phones, Wireless
LAN, Bluetooth, Zigbee, GPS, Amateur Radio)
3.75cm to
Long-distance Radio Telecommunications
7.5cm
Satellite Communications, Radar, Terrestrial
25mm to
Broadband,
Space
Communications,
37.5mm
Amateur Radio
16.7mm to
Satellite Communications
25mm
Radar,
Satellite
Communications,
11.3mm to
Astronomical
Observations,
Automotive
16.7mm

Cont
Designati Frequency Wavelength
on
range
range

Typical uses

Q band

Satellite Communications, Terrestrial Microwave

33 to 50GHz 6.0mm to 9.0mm Communications, Radio Astronomy, Automotive
Radar

U band

40 to 60GHz 5.0mm to 7.5mm

V band

50 to 75GHz 4.0mm to 6.0mm

W band

75 to
110GHz

F band

90 to
140GHz

D band

110 to
170GHz

Millimeter Wave Radar Research And Other Kinds

Of Scientific Research
Satellite Communications, Millimeter-wave Radar
Research, Military Radar Targeting And Tracking
2.7mm to 4.0mm
Applications, And Some Non-military Applications,
Automotive Radar
SHF Transmissions: Radio Astronomy, Microwave
Devices/Communications, Wireless LAN, Most
2.1mm to 3.3mm Modern Radars, Communications Satellites,
Satellite Television Broadcasting, DBS, Amateur
Radio
EHF Transmissions: Radio Astronomy, Highfrequency Microwave Radio Relay, Microwave
1.8mm to 2.7mm
Remote Sensing, Amateur Radio, Directed-energy

Microwave Application
1.Communication
Wireless LAN protocols, such as Bluetooth
(Metropolitan area network)MAN protocols, such as WiMAX
(Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access)

Mobile phone networks, like GSM, use the lowmicrowave/high-UHF (1.8 and 1.9GHz)
Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA) (1.6
and 2.3GHz)
satellite communications systems operate in the
C, X, Ka, or Ku bands

Cont...
2. Navigation Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) including

the Chinese Beidou

American Global Positioning System(GPS)
Russian GLONASS GLObal NAvigation Satellite System
Indian NAVIC (NAVigation with Indian Constellation)
3. Radar
4. Radio astronomy
5. Heating and power application
6. Spectroscopy-provides information on unpaired electrons in chemical
systems

Microvan
A

microwave

microwave

oven

radiation

passes
at

frequency 2.45 GHz

It is non-ionizing wave
Wavelength is around 10 cm
This cooks rapidly by using high-frequency microwaves to
agitate molecules within food

References
1. http://www.edisontechcenter.org/Microwaves.html
2. http://www.physics.hku.hk/~phys1055/lectures/chap01
.html