WELCOME

to BU8642:
Leadership in the 21st
Century
(Leadership for real)

E-interactive slides
for seminars 1 & 2

The goals of BU8642

To equip you with knowledge and skills for
being an effective leader in the real world!
That is, to help you:
1. Gain knowledge and understanding of various leadership concepts
2. Learn how to apply concepts to different situations (by thinking critically)
3. Develop skills for shared leadership and teamwork
4. Learn how to reflect on your own leadership, to become a better leader

There are seminars, an instructor (facilitator),

and various resources to help meet these
goals!

Resources for BU8642

NTU Learn BU8642 course-site has:
Course Outline + assment details & seminar schedule
Pre-seminar material for seminars 1 & 2 and Units 1-5:
Includes E-Tutorial (LAMS), readings, plus.
E-interactive Slides (interactive!) to use in class, too
(You can print these out and bring the hard copy if you want)
Our class site will have assessment info.
Textbook: Dennis (2009) bookshop; library (e-book)
Weekly seminars with
The Instructor (facilitator): [SLA]
Approx. 40 learning colleagues

Your instructors details

Dr Stewart L. ARNOLD (SLA)
Room S3 B2B-70
E-mail address: sarnold@ntu.edu.sg
Can be accessed via NTULearn
Instructors details

(e-mail is the best form of

communication)
Management consultant for 20+ years
University lecturer (management) for

Course
Assessment

Due:
iLCQs.15%
tLCQs.15%
Team Application Exercises20%
Peer assessments...20%
Mid-semester...( 5%)
End-of-semester.(10%)
Instructors ratings of feedback............( 5%)

Units 1-5
Units 1-5
Units 1,3-5
sem 7
sem 13
after sem 7, 13

Self-reflection assignments30%
Assignment 1 ..(10%)
Assignment 2 ..(20%)

Please read the

Course Outline

sem 7
sem 13
Thoroughly!

Learning Outcomes for

Seminars 1 & 2

At the end of the E-Tutorial and these seminars, you will be able to..
1. Describe the benefits of a team-based learning approach for
becoming a better leader
2. Explain the essence of leadership:
What is leadership? and Why is it important?
3. Explain the role of leadership in ensuring corporate sustainability
4. Explain the concepts of Johari Window, Authentic Leadership and
Servant Leadership
5. Choose the right amount of self-disclosure in a team, early in
relationship-building
6. Reflect on your life story and how it will influence your approach to
leadership

Seminar 1
Introduction to:
TBL
Leadership
Leadership styles

Team-Based Learning (TBL)

This course uses a TBL approach
You are expected to do work before each seminar and Unit
Your knowledge and understanding of the pre-seminar material
will be reviewed at the beginning of each relevant seminar.
After the material is clarified with colleagues and the instructor,
there will be application exercises to help you apply the concepts
and principles to real world cases, scenarios and situations.
Some of these activities occur in your teams, and some involve
working across teams.
In your teams, there will be one graded Application Exercise (AE)
for each of Units 1, 3, 4 and 5.

Personal Benefits of TBL

Type in the benefits of TBL that are most important for you
(you can add to this list, as semester proceeds)

What is Leadership?
Your Ideas: (please type your ideas here)

What is Leadership?
Ideas from SLA:
There are many definitions!
The broadest is

influencing the behaviour of people for some greater purpose

Note:

influencing does not = controlling

behaviour not just beliefs / attitudes / emotions
greater purpose not just to get things for ourselves
(organizational leadership aims to achieve org. goals)
Note: A leader is someone who influences others.
Can be formally in charge or can be an informal leader.

What is Leadership?
This means
Leadership is a process
Not
attributes of a person
requirements of a position
This means
Leadership can be shared
Leadership can be learned by individuals

Why is Leadership
important?
Some greater purpose can be achieved!
Behaviour is affected not just beliefs /attitudes /emotions
People are influenced, not forced to do things
So what happens to you professional
expertise?
It may give you some degree of expert power
It may no longer be important in your career!
This can be surprisingly difficult to accept!

Not for.

Jack Ma:

The founder and Executive Chairman of

the e-commerce company Alibaba Group Holding

Your employee should have superior technical skills than you.

If he doesnt, it means you have hired the wrong person

What does it take to be a great leader

(in the 21st Century) according to Roselind Torres?

Your Ideas:
What makes a great leader in the 21st Century?

What does this suggest for getting the most out of BU8642?

What does it take to be a great leader

(in the 21st Century) according to Roselind Torres?

Ideas from SLA:

What makes a great leader in the 21st Century?

She says you should answer 3 questions

1. Where are you looking to anticipate change?
2. What is the diversity measure of your network? (i.e., can you
develop relationships with people who are very different to you)
3. Are you courageous enough to abandon patterns from the past?
What does this suggest for getting the most out of BU8642?
Perhaps welcome change, be brave, build relationships!

Leadership styles
Leadership style is a term that refers to an approach that you
may take to leadership.
You may have heard of terms like:
Democratic leadership
Autocratic leadership
Laissez faire leadership
These are important concepts that have been researched and
written in textbooks for many years.
In this century, there has been more research and case studies
that examine newer concepts, even though the essence of
leadership influencing people to do things remains constant

Leadership styles
In this course, we will cover some of the most relevant styles of
leadership for the 21st Century.
These include:
Transformational Leadership
Authentic leadership
Servant leadership
Shared leadership
You are invited to think about which leadership style(s) or
approach you would like to use, as a leader
(and then write about it briefly in your Self-Reflection Assignment!)

Transformational Leadership

[see Text - Ch1]

This style of leadership has been studied for many years, but
there is increasing interest in it lately.
According to the textbook, ch 1:
Transformational leaders are effective in all business
settings
They show certain types of behaviour:
Communicate direction
Build the team(s)
Inspire others
Solve problems
They have a certain character self-confidence, integrity, trust

Transformational Leadership
What transformational leader do you know or have you read about?
Your Ideas: (please type your ideas here)

We will cover a local example in class during seminar 1.

Transformational Leadership
[Text- Ch 1]

Regarding the Transformational Leadership self-assessment

(p14-16 of text) we will do this in class, then write:
What are your strengths?

What are your developmental needs?

Whats another way to identify your strengths & areas for development?

Influencing people for some greater purpose

One important area of influence for leaders in the 21 st Century is

corporate sustainability
This includes social and environmental responsibility:
Looking after your employees, doing things for the community
Caring for the environment as much as possible
These two areas of responsibility + firms responsibility to its owners or
shareholders = The triple bottom line accounting framework:

People
Planet
Profits
Read the Epstein et al. (2010) journal article for their ideas about the
role of leadership in implementing corporate sustainability.
Think about what strategies they advocate.

Leadership for a Sustainable World:

Epstein et al. (2010) argue that:
Corporate sustainability can improve long-term financial
performance of the company
although there are often ST trade-offs
Soft systems = the most important drivers of sustainability:
Leadership support
Organisational culture that encourages CS awareness, innovation,
open communication, employee ownership, & volunteerism

Hard systems are important too, but not enough to ensure

corporate sustainability

Influencing people for some greater purpose

Watch the following short videoclips (3-4 mins

each) and answer the question: What is the role
of leadership in ensuring corporate
sustainability?
http://www.cvdl.org/blog/moving-sustainability/
http://www.cvdl.org/blog/sustainability/
Your Ideas:

Influencing people for some greater purpose

SLAs Ideas:
The role of leader is not simply to focus on the outcomes or
sustainability efforts (using various metrics). [These are the hard
systems referred to by Epstein et al. (2010)]
There must be a deeper conversation with employees about why
sustainability is personally important.

Learning Outcomes for this seminar

Reflect on the extent to which you are able
to...
1. Describe the benefits of a team-based learning approach for
becoming a better leader
2. Explain the essence of leadership:
Why is it important?

What is leadership? and

3. Explain the role of leadership in ensuring corporate sustainability

The knowledge you have acquired in this seminar (especially in relation

to Learning Outcomes 2 and 3) may contribute to the Course content
of your Learning Journal, expressed as personal Take-aways.
See the end of these E-interactive slides.

Seminar 2
The Johari Window and
the art of self-disclosure
Servant leadership and
Authentic leadership

The Johari Window

Is a simple, but effective, model for learning more about yourself
and the rest of your team
It emphasizes how much is known in terms of information
about ourselves and each other person in the team - feelings,,
views, attitudes, intentions, motivations, experience, skills.
We learn more about ourselves (and others do, too)
through:
Self disclosure (well cover today)
Receiving feedback (well cover in other seminars, esp. Unit 4)
Can consider these principles across a whole organisation too
It will perform better, if employees open areas are expanded

The Johari Window:

How to learn more about self and others
Feedback
Known to Self

Unknown to Self

Known
to Others
Disclosure

Unknown
to Others

Open
Area

Blind
Area

Hidden
Area

Unknown
Area

The art of selfdisclosure

Self-disclosure has to be appropriate for the setting and it should

be reciprocated to some extent - by the other people present
As a
Leader - some self-disclosure is good, but not too personal!
Team member appropriate, reciprocal self-disclosure is
important for team relations, especially building trust
Appropriate Self-disclosure =
Nothing too personal to begin with, but
Respond at the same level of sharing as the others, or as close to it as
you are comfortable doing so
If you are emotional, dont disclose too much
Do not share anything that people could take advantage of, until you trust
them enough

But... How do we build trust?

Many ways, but one way is to
Reciprocate levels of self-disclosure
(as we share more and more,
we trust more)
Trust requires more than just disclosure...
We need to treat the information shared with us, with respect
Show integrity (keep our word, be fair and consistent)
Be honest in what we say and do
etc.

All of these are part of leadership character

(see textbook p 16, also p 56-59)

Preparation for (ungraded) AE:

The cycle of Self-disclosure

Individual ideas (notes for yourself not to be shared):

What information would I feel comfortable sharing in my new group?

What information might I share if others did as well?

Preparation for (ungraded) AE:

The cycle of Self-disclosure

Individual ideas (notes for yourself not to be shared):

What information is quite personal that I would not normally share
with a group of relative strangers unless the conditions were right?

What would those conditions be?

(ungraded)

AE: The cycle of Self-disclosure

Individual reflections (notes for yourself not to

be shared):
Were your personal disclosures appropriate?
Do your team members have constructive information about you
that will help build the team relations?
What might be a danger of your personal disclosures?

Servant leadership
According to Spears (2009) :
Leadership character is important. The concept of servant
leadership focuses on a leaders character in terms of:
a desire to be a servant first,
then a conscious choice to be a leader.
Servant leaders:
are ethical and caring
involve others in decision-making
improve the quality of life of their followers

Servant leadership
According to Spears (2009):
There are 10 characteristics, such as:
empathy
awareness
persuasion
Note: There is recent research showing that
servant leadership leads to:
more trust within an organisation
employee satisfaction
better performance (especially in teams)

Authentic Leadership
According to George et al. (2011) :
There is no one style or profile for successful
leadership
Authentic leaders are genuine and act
themselves!
Authentic leadership -> long term (sustainable)
results
Authentic leaders:
Understand the influence of their life stories
Have a solid base of values that have been tested
Have a strong support team
Integrate different areas of their lives etc.

Authentic leadership Influence of life story

(We will watch 2 short videoclips in class and

then discuss:
What life experiences shaped Ms. Olivia Lums
leadership?

Why is life story important?...

Examples of authentic
leadership

We will discuss other examples in class. What are some examples

of people you know, or have read about, who are either authentic
leaders, servant leaders, or both?

Preparation for (ungraded) AE:

The influence of life story in Authentic Leadership

Think about your own life story. Write down points you are willing
to share with others in your team, in answer to the following questions:
What are 1 or 2 transformative experiences, or
major influences on you, that inspire you to be a leader? and...
How have these transformative experiences affected you?

Preparation for (ungraded) AE:

The influence of life story in Authentic Leadership

MORE SPACE TO WRITE

What are 1 or 2 transformative experiences, or
major influences on you, that inspire you to be a leader? and...
How have these transformative experiences affected you?

Preparation for (ungraded) AE:

The influence of life story in Authentic Leadership

Now write down some points that you might share in your team if
the conditions are right

Reflections on the (ungraded) AE:

The influence of life story in Authentic Leadership
As you listen to others share something about
their life story, think about what is there in
common in these stories that can potentially
lead to effective leadership?
Your ideas

Learning Outcomes for this seminar

Reflect on the extent to which you are able
to...
1. Explain the concepts of Johari Window, Authentic Leadership and
Servant Leadership
2. Choose the right amount of self-disclosure in a team, early in
relationship-building
3. Reflect on your life story and how it will influence your approach to
leadership

The knowledge you have acquired in this seminar may contribute to the
Course content of your Learning Journal, expressed as personal
Take-aways.

Learning Journal Slides

for S1 &2:
1.
Personal
Takeaways
What are some points (course content) from these seminars that are
likely to be useful for you in a future leadership role?
Explain why or how these points might be useful for you.

for S1 &2:
2. Reflections on leadership
In your Self-Reflective Assignment
(due in week 7), you need to
process
highlight specific examples of contributions to your team and
leadership skills that you need to improve. Write notes on any
incidents today which you might reflect on in your assignment.

Preview of Unit 1 (S3 [next week] and S4)

Concepts:
Shared leadership + followership (S3)
Teamwork (S3)
Group decision-making (S4)
Meetings (S4)

Activities = many! (including: team building exercises!)

Please read: Text ch 2, pages 19-35
De Rosa (2011), Pearce et al. (2009), Pooley (2005)
(Theyre truly.

LCQs are graded next week!