CONSERVATION OF

PLANTS AND ANIMALS.

Our first prime minister
SHRI JAWARLAL NEHRU
said
life would be very dull and colorless if
we did not have these magnificent
plants, animals and birds to look and
play with.

Introduction
Plants and animals (birds) brighten our
lives. There are many number of species
of plants and animals on earth from
millions of years ago.
In the last few hundred years they began
to disappear one by one with a sickening
speed due to the human activities like
deforestation, hunting, polluting the
environment.

What is deforestation?
deforestation means clearing of forests and using
that land for other purposes.

Causes :
Forests are cut down for some of the reasons
mentioned below:
Procuring land for cultivation.
Building houses and factories.
Making furniture or using wood as fuel.
Natural causes of deforestation are fires and severe
droughts.

Consequences of deforestration
Deforestation increases the temperature and pollution level on the
earth.
It increases the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Ground water level gets lowered.
Deforestation disturbs the balance in nature.
Rainfall and the fertility of the soil decreases.
Moreover, there will be increased chances of natural calamities such
as floods and droughts.

SOIL EROSION AND DESERTIFICATION

Deforestation is a major cause which leads to the

change in soil properties. Physical properties of the
soil get affected by plantation and vegetation. Fewer
trees result in more SOIL EROSION
Removal of the top layer of the soil exposes the lower,
hard and rocky layers. This soil has less humus and
is less fertile. Gradually the fertile land gets converted
into deserts. It is called DESERTIFICATION.
Deforestation also leads to a decrease in the water
holding capacity of the soil. The movement of water
from the soil surface into the ground (infiltration rate)
is reduced. So, there are floods. The other properties
of the soil like nutrient content, texture, etc., also
change because of deforestation
These are some consequences of deforestation.

Measures for Conservation

By these human mistakes and natural calamities
many trees and animals became extinct
To prevent this loss and to protect our flora and
fauna all over the world and in particular in our
country the government has taken many measures.
Developing the protected areas which provide natural
habitat for endangering species. national parks,
sanctuaries, biosphere reserves etc..
In these areas plantation, cultivation, grazing, cutting
trees, hunting and poaching are prohibited.
In these protected areas Endemic species are
produced. Endemic Species are those species of
plants and animals which are found exclusively in a
particular area like protected area. They are not
naturally found anywhere else.

BIODIVERSITY AND PROTECTED AREAS

Biosphere is the

part of the earth in which living organisms exist which supports life.
Biological diversity or biodiversity, refers to the variety of organisms
existing on the earth, their interrelationships and their relationship
with the environment

Sanctuary : Areas where animals are protected from any

disturbance to them and their habitat.

National Park : Areas reserved for wild life where they can

freely use the habitats and natural resources.

Biosphere Reserve : Large areas of protected land for

conservation of wildlife, plant and animal resources and

traditional life of the tribal living areas

SOME PROTECTED AREAS AND THEIR BIODIVERSITY

NATIONAL PARKS:
1.Nagarhole National park near Mysore famous for its endemic species of
reptiles such as cobras, crocodiles, snakes
2. Bandipur national park in Mysore known for its elephants and bison
reserves.
Here are some pictures of those parks

Wild life sanctuary:

Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary is part of the estuary of the River

Godavari. It supports a rich growth of mangrove vegetation. The
habitat is suitable for a variety of wild and feathered species. Its
near Kakinada port along Bay of Bengal .

 BIOSPHERE RESERVE:NILGIRIS are reserves in South India including the places like
mudumalai, mukurthi, wyanad, silent valley of kerala and bandipur,
nagarhole of mysore. They are known for its tropical and semi ever
green, dry and moist deciduous trees.

RED DATA BOOK

This book provides us information about the number of
endangered plants and animals in the world during past
few years.
There is the threat to conservation of plants and animals
Wild life is a natural asset, therefore, it is the duty of
present generation to pass on unimpaired to posterity.

Save Nature
Our motto Live and let live.