CIVIL ENGINEERING

TECHNOLOGY

Slope Stability
Lecture -2
AYODYA UDARA BULATHSINHALA, NDT.
(DIST.),M.Eng(Dist.), AMIIESL,AM.ASCE, SM.ICE

Hollbeck Hall
June1993

BGS Pictures

The Sun

Wales News Service

Slope Stability
Overview of slopes natural and
man-made
Identify causal factors of slope
instability
Methods for improving slope
stability

Slope Stability

Causes of instability
Mechanics of slopes
Analysis of translational slip
Analysis of rotational slip
Site investigation
Remedial measures

Types of Slope
Natural slopes
Excavated slopes
Slopes of embankments and dams

Slope Stabilization for Excavation

Works
Where Do you need deep
Excavations?
a. Excavations for the Basement Construction
of High Rise Buildings
b. Excavations for the bridge pier Constructions
c. Excavations for Underground sumps

Classification of instability

Varnes (1978)

a) Falls
b) Topples
c) Slides
rotational and
translational
d) Lateral
spreads
e) Flows in
Bedrock and in
Soils
f) Complex

Topples

Plane

Slides

Wedge

Causes of Instability
Ground conditions
Geomorphological processes
Physical processes
Man-made processes

Influence of different factors on

instability

Mechanics of slopes

Basic mechanics of slopes

Normal force = weight * cos(slope angle )
Sliding force = weight * sin(slope angle )
= Normal force * tan (slope angle )

Shear resistance = Normal force * tan (angle of friction)

Factor of safety = tan ( ) / tan (

sliding resistance increased by

cohesion * contact area

normal force reduced by

average water pressure * contact area

Shallow Slides
Typical with soils of
granular soils (lowcohesion)
Failure near parallel
to slope
Water seepage from
slope can reduce
stability
Failure usually
prevented by
vegetation

Shallow slides
Example 5.1

Translational Sliding

Deep rotational failure

Sensitivity Analysis
Considerations
Soil Properties
Phreatic surface
Overtopping
Piping
Installation of
upstream blanket
or impevious core

Remedial Actions

REMEDIAL/CORRECTIVE MEASURES FOR FAILING SLOPES

Loading the Toe

Degrading the Slope
Drainage Methods
Soil Anchors
Sheet Piling
Retaining Structures
Geotextiles
"Grassing Over"

REMEDIAL/CORRECTIVE MEASURES FOR FAILING SLOPES

Loading the Toe

REMEDIAL/CORRECTIVE MEASURES FOR FAILING SLOPES

Regrading
the Slope

REMEDIAL/CORRECTIVE MEASURES FOR FAILING SLOPES

Drainage Methods
Surface/Shallow
Deep

REMEDIAL/CORRECTIVE MEASURES FOR FAILING SLOPES

Soil Anchors

REMEDIAL/CORRECTIVE MEASURES FOR FAILING SLOPES

Sheet Piling

REMEDIAL/CORRECTIVE MEASURES FOR FAILING SLOPES

Retaining Structures

REMEDIAL/CORRECTIVE MEASURES FOR FAILING SLOPES

Geo-textiles

REMEDIAL/CORRECTIVE MEASURES FOR FAILING SLOPES

"Grassing Over"

Summary

Structural options
Gravity walls

Brick
Mass concrete
Crib walling
Gabions

Cantilever
Reinforced concrete wall
Embedded (steel or reinforced concrete)

Soil Engineering
Nailing
Panel

Approximate sizes

e Mitchells Structure and Fabric Part 2

Crib walling (timber)

Crib walling (concrete)

Gabions

Shapes of reinforced concrete walls

Mitchells Structure and Fabric Part 2

Embedded walls

Sheet steel piling

Bored piling (secant)

Bored piling (contiguous)

Bored piling (contiguous)

with ground anchors

Soil panels

Soil nailing