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31

Air Defense College

Electronics and Communications Engineering
Graduation project

Wireless Data Transmission Between

Fire Control Unit and GUN
Presented By
Lt. Hossam Ali Sayed
Ahmed Esmai
Lt. Shawky Abdelhamed Ragab

Lt. Abdelkader
Lt. Eslam Ali Eloraby

Supervisors
Brig. Dr/ Hayman Elsayed Hassan
Dr/Hatem Khater

Commodor

Wireless Data
Transmission Between Fire
Control Unit and GUN

Presentation overview

Objective .
Introduction .
Problem research .
SKYGURD fire control system .
Wireless communication network and data transmission .
Varies types of motors .
Overall system design .
Conclusion and future work .

Objective
The proposed system provides upgrade sky
guard wired communication system between
station

and

gun

into

transmission technique.

wireless

data

Introduction
This segment represents the overall operational
systems of the fire control unit .
The SKYGUARD unit consists of:
1- Fire control unit (FCU).
2- Two launchers.
3- Two guns.
4- Eight power supplies.

Introduction

Fire control unit

Introduction

Launcher

Gun

Problem research
1. Limited wiring lengths between FCU and gun .
2. Mobility constrains for the system .
3. Environment conditions due to rough terrain .
4. High impedance as the cable getting old .
5. Bit error rat (BER) increases .
6. Financial cost as the import process of the spare
parts , maintenance and experts is very expensive .
7. Political problem .

Probosed Wirelss
Communication SKG
System

n Cables Of SKG System

Diagram Probosed Wireless

munication SKG system

Joystic

Spiral
antenna
Line of sight

Arduino

Motor
elvation

H
bridg

Path loss
Arduino
lp=32.44+20log(F)+20log(D)

Motor
bearin
g

Spiral antenna

Features
Frequency

433mhz

Can you directly with arduino Tx/Rx

Power (dpm)
High directivty
3.3_5 volt
9600 bit rate
Range 200m
Very similar to zigbee but much cheaper
Circular polarized
Modulation OQPSK
Demodulation OQPSK

Pin Definition
1. power, 3.3volt to 5 volt
2. Gnd
3. Rx
4. Tx
5. High level enter at control mode

What is a Network?
A network consists of 2 or more computers connected
together, and they can communicate and share resources
(e.g. information) .

Classification of Networks
we can classify networks in different ways
Based on transmission media: Wired (coaxial
cables, fiber-optic cables) and Wireless
Based on network size: )LAN,WAN,MAN,PAN)
Based on management method: Peer-to-peer and
Client/Server
Based on topology (connectivity): Bus, Star, Ring

Network coverage
Local Area Networks:
Used for small networks (school, home, office)
Metropolitan Area Network
Backbone network connecting all LANs
Can cover a city or the entire country
Wide Area Network
Typically between cities and countries
Personal Area Network
Typically within a rang of 10 meters

etwork Topologies
personal
computer

personal
computer

personal
computer
personal computer

personal computer

personal computer

personal computer

bus

personal
computer

personal
computer

star

ring

host
computer

file server

etwork Topologies
BUS networks: Single central cable connected a
number of devices
* Easy and cheap

* Popular for LANs

RING networks: a number of computers are connected

on a closed loop Covers large distances
*Primarily used for LANs and WANs
STAR networks: connecting all devices to a central
unit
* All computers are connected to a central device called hub
* All data must pass through the hub

hy to need wireless?
Hard to find the cut place in the cable

High impedance
Effect SWR
Effect action between earth and cables
More no of cable
Increase distance
Camouflage the equipment

What is a Protocol?
* A standard set of regulations and requirement
that allow two electronic items to connect to and
exchange information with one another Protocols
* Regulate data transmission among devices as
well as within a network of linked devices

What is a Protocol?
ADVANTAGES OF TCP :
(1) TCP always guarantees three things your data reaches
its destination, it reaches there in time and it reaches there
Without duplication.
(2) It automatically breaks up data into packets for you.
(3) It is slower in functioning than UDP
DISADVANTAGES OF TCP
(2) TCP cannot be used for broadcast and multicast connections
(3) problems in surfing and downloading contents from the net.

What is a Protocol?
ADVANTAGES OF UDP
(1) Broadcast and multicast connections
which is not the case with TCP.

are available with UDP

(2) Much faster than TCP

(3) It does not restrict you to connection based based
communication model
DISADVANTAGES OF UDP:
(1) There are no guarantees with UDP. It is possible that
a packet may not be delivered, or delivered twice, or
delivered not in time.
(2) you have to manually break the data into packets
26

Data frame between FCU and gun

10
1112
2
5
6
7
8
9
1. 3 4

bearing

elevation

Vo follow alarm

40 msec

Sync
Fire
command ronize

Organization of the basic frame

Channel Designat
ion
. No
of the
data

Bit number
Direction

Forward

Forward

P1

Forward

Forward

Forward

P2

6
7

Forward

Backward

P3

Forward

Forward

10

Fire
Ward 1

Forward

11

Fire
Ward 2

Forward

12

.Sync
Ward

Forward

Motors

Electric Motor
The input is electrical energy (from the supply source), and
the output is mechanical energy (to the load).

Electrical
energy
(source)

Electromechanical
Electromechanical
energy
energy conversion
conversion
device
device

Mechanical
energy

Types of motors

Hydrolic
Hydrolic
Motors
Motors

Servo
Servo
motors
motors

Stepper
Stepper
motors
motors

DC
DC
motors
motors

AC
AC
motors
motors

Synchronou
Synchronou
s motor
s motor

3-Phase
3-Phase

Induction
Induction
motors
motors

Single
Single
phase
phase

 AC motors

Induction motors

AC induction motors are the most common

motors
used in industrial motion control systems, as
well as in main powered home appliances.

Simple and rugged design, low-cost, low maintenance and

direct connection to an AC power source are the main
advantages of AC induction motors.

Synchronous motors

The main principle is same as applicable for all motors. It is

the mutual induction between the stator & rotor windings
which make any motor operational.

when a 3 phase winding is fed with a 3 phase supply, then a

magnetic

flux

of

constant

magnitude

Synchronous speed is produced.

but

rotating

at

 Servo

motors

A servomotor is a rotary actuator or linear actuator that allows for

precise control of angular or linear position, velocity and acceleration.
It consists of a suitable motor coupled to a sensor for position feedback.
Servomotors is used to refer to a motor suitable for use in a closed-loop
control system.

Stepper motor
A stepper motor or step motor or stepping motor is a
brushless DC electric motor that divides a full rotation into a
number of equal steps.
The motor's position can then be commanded to move and
hold at one of these steps without any feedback sensor (an
open loop controller).

Construction
Stator
The stator is the stationary outside part of a motor.

Rotor

The rotor is the inner part which rotates.

Winding
connection of coils. A winding is made up of series or parallel

Principle of operation

Consider a coil in a magnetic field of flux density

B.
When the two ends of the coil are

connected across a DC voltage

source, current( I ) flows through it.

A force is exerted on the coil as a result of the

interaction of magnetic field and electric current.

The force on the two sides of the coil is such that the coil
starts to move in the direction of force.

DC Motor Equivalent circuit

The schematic diagram for a DC motor is shown below. A DC

motor has two distinct circuits: Field circuit and armature circuit.

The input is electrical power and the output is mechanical

power. In this equivalent circuit.

field winding is supplied from a separate DC voltage source of

voltage Vf.
.
Rf and Lf represent the resistance and inductance of the field
winding magnetic field

The current If produced in the winding establishes the

necessary for motor operation. In the armature (rotor)
circuit.
VT is the voltage applied across the motor
terminals, Ia is the current flowing in the armature
circuit, Ra is the resistance of the armature winding, and
Eb is the total voltage induced in the armature.

 Motors which used in project

Bearing

Elevation

 Typical application

Why we used DC motors ?

Speed control over a wide range

High starting torque

Accurate steep less speed with constant

Quick starting , stopping , reversing and acceleration

Overall control system

Block diagram OF Overall Control system

Motor
Elevatio
n

Joy
Stick

Micro
controlle
r

P.S.

Channel

Micro
controlle
r

Motor
Azimut
h

Motor
Driver

P.S.

Microcontroller
A micro-controller is a small computer on a single integrated
circuit.
containing a processor core, memory, and programmable
input/ output ports.
The important part for us is that a micro-controller contains
the processor (which all computers have) and memory, and
some input/output pins that you can control.

Microcontroller
We have done some studies to compare among Raspberry pi,
IOIO and Arduino microcontroller. At the end of this study we
selected Arduino as a microcontroller for the following:
Inexpensive
Open Source
Easy Programming

Types of Arduino boards

Arduino Uno
Arduino Leonardo
Arduino Nano
Arduino Mega
Arduino Lily pad
Arduino Mini

Arduino Software
Software programs, called sketches, are created on a
computer using the Arduino integrated development
environment (IDE).
The IDE enables you to write and edit code and convert
this code into instructions that Arduino hardware
understands.
The IDE also transfers those instructions to the Arduino
board (a process called uploading).

Integrated Development Environment (IDE

Arduino Hardware

The Arduino board is where the code you write is executed.

The board can only control and respond to electricity, so

specific components are attached to it to enable it to interact
with the real world.

These components can be sensors, which convert some

aspect of the physical world to electricity so that the board
can sense it, or actuators, which get electricity from the
board and convert it into something that changes the world.

Arduino Hardware

Arduino in our Project

We use two Arduino Uno in Our project .
One of these as a Transmitter
And the Other as Receiver

Arduino Transmitter
Code

Arduino Receiver Code

conclusion
Upgrade Sky Guard system
Using wireless to transfer data between FCU and
GUN
Using WLAN
DC Motor to control GUN in bearing and elevation
Using Arduino Microcontroller
Using Joystick to move bearing and elevation
motor

Future Work

Using a satellite communication system to transfer

target information or wireless devices.
IR/TV camera to transfer the picture at the day or the
night.
Automatically transfer target information to the GUN
with out human intervention .
Increase range between FCU and the GUN.