Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Developed by
Objectives
L2 Learner
requires interaction
Characteristics
L1 Learner
L2 Learner
L2 Learner
Age and
Second Language Acquisition
To Think About:
Age and
The Critical Period Hypothesis (Eric Lenneberg (1967)
Second Language Acquisition
Lenneberg stated that:
L2 is best learned between age 2 and puberty
Ability to learn language is negatively affected
by the completion of process of lateralization
Age and
Critical Period Hypothesis
Second Language Acquisition
Age and
Second
Language
Lenneberg
stated that Acquisition
Age and
Second
Language
Acquisition
Therefore, young
learners (before
age 5) are
actually native speakers of both languages
They learn both L1 and L2 the way a native
speaker does
J. Lessow-Hurley. (2005). The foundations of dual language instruction.
Age and
Advantages
to being a younger
learner
Second
Language
Acquisition
Age and
Second
Language
Acquisition
Advantages
to being an older
learner
Proficiency
Proficiency
Grammatical Competence
Proficiency
Sociolinguistic Competence
Discourse Competence
Mastery of how to combine meanings and forms to
create a text in different modes
Examples:
Telephone inquiry
Narrative text
Oral report
Proficiency
Discourse Competence
Mastery of how to combine meanings and forms
to create a text in different modes
Examples:
Telephone inquiry
Narrative text
Oral report
Proficiency
Strategic Competence
Mastery of verbal and non-verbal strategies to
compensate for breakdowns in communication
Examples:
How to ask for help
How to rephrase a statement
Stages in Second
Language
Acquisition
Stages in Second
Language Acquisition
Stages in Second
Language
Acquisition
Preproduction/Comprehension Stage
Characteristics
Silent period
Can respond non-verbally
Will be able to understand more than they can
produce
Stages in Second
Language Acquisition
Preproduction/Comprehension Stage
Stages in Second
Language
Acquisition
Stages in Second
Language
Acquisition
Stages in Second
Language Acquisition
Speech Emergence
Characteristics
Speaks in phrases
Makes lots of errors
Interlanguage occurs (a mixture of
vocabulary and structures from both
languages)
Stages in Second
Language Acquisition
Speech Emergence
Stages of Second
Language
IntermediateAcquisition
Fluency
Characteristics
Appear orally fluent
Errors are same errors native speakers make
Struggle with content area reading and
writing.
Stages of Second
Language Acquisition
Intermediate Fluency
Stages of Second
Language
Acquisition
Common Underlying
Proficiency/Transferability Theory
Surface Features
of L1
of L2
Common
Underlying
Proficiency
Common Underlying
Proficiency/Transferability Theory
Common Underlying
Proficiency/Transferability Theory
Directionality
Sequencing
From: C. Roberts. (1994). Transferring literacy skills from L1 to L2: From theory to practice. In The Journal of
Educational Issues of Language Minority Students, v. p. 209-221
Threshold Hypothesis
Threshold Hypothesis
Threshold Hypothesis
Level of
Competence
Type of
Bilingualism
Cognitive
Effects
Above the
threshold in
L1 and L2
Additive
Positive
Above the
threshold in
one language
Below the
threshold in
L1 and L2
Neutral
Positive
Negative
Threshold Hypothesis: