XE324

Product Innovation and Management

Presented by

Dr Steve Plummer
BSc Hons (Aston), MSc (Cranfield), PhD (UMIST)

Principal Lecturer in Manufacture

Your role in module XE324

You are acting as a management consultant

for a company (the client) who wishes to
develop a new income stream through the
provision of a new innovative product.

Concept Design
(2nd stage)

XE324
Group
code

Second stage:
concept design
Group members

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Pro
duct
spe
cific
atio
n
20
num
bere
d
bulle
tpoint
item
s

Sele
ct
the
best
of 3
pro
duct
opti
ons
(use
a
deci
sion
matr
ix)

Gra
phic
al
repr
ese
ntati
on
3D
isom
etric
view
s;
ballo
on
label
s

Parts
list
part
No,
descrip
tion,
QTY,
source
of
supply,
materia
l type;
how
made

Second stage: concept design

Four key considerations worth five points each:

Product specification

Select the best of three product options

Graphical representation

Parts list

Product specification

List of at least twenty numbered bulletpoints relating to the products intended

operating conditions and level of
performance.

Former DAP students produced a

product specification for their proposed
design of Water Pump or Carburettor.

Water Pump Definition

A device that will raise water.

Gravity can move water downwards.

Pumps work in a cycle.

A cycle means one complete set of tasks

from start to finish (movement can be linear).

Pump movement: rotary or linear.

Water is essential for sustaining life.

Water Pump Cycle

In one pump cycle, a pump will:

Trap a fixed volume of water.

Lift a fixed volume of water.

Discharge a fixed volume of water.

Water Pump Power

By human exertion (using hand or foot)

No animal exertion

No mains electrical supply

No petrol or diesel engine

No renewable energy

No nuclear power

Design Considerations

Pump to remove water with a minimum of

turbulence; using the shortest path; in one
direction only.

Pump should be self-priming.

Pump to be submerged in water at a depth

to allow the pumping action.

Design Considerations

Pumping action will be vertical (to lift water),

so a frame will be required on which to
mount the Pump parts.

The shaft (hole) in the ground is vertical

within 50 mm of a straight line profile.

Vertical shafts exclude the use of Screw

Pumps.

Design Considerations

Pump will be one of three product options:

Piston-type Hand Pump

Rope Pump

Treddle (or foot pedal) Pump

Design Considerations

Standard shapes, sizes; materials should

be incorporated within the pump design to
enhance part standardisation and
interchangeability during manufacture
and maintenance and repair.

All parts should be purchased complete.

Parts List Standard parts

ITEM

01
02
03
04
05
06
11
12
13

DESCRIPTION

QUANTITY

UPPER BODY 1 OFF

SPOUT 1 OFF
UPPER BODY ASSY 1 OFF
PIPE CONNECTOR2 OFF
RISING MAIN 1 OFF
LOWER BODY 1 OFF
PISTON ROD 1 OFF
FORK 2 OFF
RISING MAIN ASSY 1 OFF

WHERE USED

03
03
13
13
13
08
09
13
00

12
x2

FORK

PISTON ROD
11

Use balloon labels

UPPER BODY
UPPER BODY ASSY
03
SPOUT

04
x2

PIPE CONNECTOR
RISING MAIN
05

Some of the Water Pump parts above ground level

Design Considerations

Taps are not required as they need a head

of water to work via gravity feed.

Water to be discharged in a contained

manner to minimise water losses at
ground-level.

Water to be discharged through a Spout.

Design Considerations

The Spout should provide at point of no

return for the water by pointing downwards
at an incline of 10 degrees to the horizontal.

2 metres to the water line

Inside is the
point of no return
for the water

Design Considerations
Pump safety:

All moving parts must be guarded to avoid

finger trapment.

The water intake need not be filtered in order

to protect the pump.

Pumped water is used for crop irrigation; not

for human drinking.

Design Considerations

The materials selected for the Water Pump

must withstand constant contact with water
for at least seven years.

Vertical Height Gauge

Manhole

Water Tank used to test the ME105 Water Pumps in Room E10

Product specification
1.

Water is to be extracted in liquid form and in

a free-flowing state; within a temperate range
o

of 5 to 40 C.
2.

Pump must be capable of raising water

through a minimum height of 2 metres.

3.

Pump to be human powered by hand or foot.

4.

Pump should be self-priming.

Product specification
5.

Pump to remove water with a minimum of

turbulence; using the shortest path; in one
direction only.

6.

Water to be discharged through a Spout

(meaning in a contained manner) to minimise
water losses at ground-level.

Product specification
7.

The Spout should provide at point of no

return for the water by pointing downwards at
an incline of 10 degrees to the horizontal.

8.

The water intake is not filtered (not needed

in order to protect the pump).

9.

Pumped water is used for crop irrigation;

not for human drinking.

Product specification
10. The shaft (hole) in the ground is vertical
within 50 mm of a straight line profile.
11. Pump to be frame-mounted.
12. Standard shapes, sizes; materials should be
incorporated within the pump design.
13. All moving parts must be guarded to avoid
finger traps.

Product specification

il
w
te

i
s
d
f
a
o
e
e is 1.
lh
14. Number of models inelproduct
range
p
y
t
w
g
f
.
e
e
o
h
,
t
r
d
e
n
e
b
i
o
f litres/ minute.
i
15. Target flow
rate
is
100
i
t
m
c
a
u
r
e
n
a
p
;
p
s
s
e
s
s
e
r
p
e
b
p
n
m
t
e
o
t
a
16.ThTarget
product
weight
is
40
kg/
unit.
a
l
l
f
d
c
e
d
d
e
n
n
n
a
a
l
o
s
e
s
t
l
l
v
a
o
e
l
17. Easy one-step
product
b installation.
,
)
e
r
o
ac
h
f
r
c
n
su
a
(
Maximum
installation
time is 30 minutes
l
w
ra
on a pre-prepared well head site.

Product specification
18. General linear dimensional tol is 0.25 mm.
19. Expected product life is 7 years.
20. No consumable items within the product life
cycle (no planned replacement of parts).
21. User skill level requires minimal education;
able-bodied people aged seven years or
over; minimum height is 1.5 metres.

Product specification
22. Regular product serving is required on
moving parts and joints subject to loads.
Lubricate metal-to-metal contacts.
Ensure clamp straps are maintained at
the correct tension setting of 15 N.
Clean and inspect all valve seats and
sealing surfaces every 6 months.

Select the best product option

Pump will be one of three product options:

Piston-type Hand Pump

Rope Pump

Treddle (or foot pedal) Pump

Use a decision matrix (with five functional

considerations, weighting factors, and scales
to provide individual criteria scores) to select.

Select the best product option

Identify five functional considerations.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Select the best product option

Weighting factors (from one to three) are

used to emphasise the relative importance
of each functional consideration.

A weighting factor with a high value is more

important than one with a low value.

State on the decision matrix whether a high

score is good or bad.

Select the best product option

Apply a weighting factor to each of the five

functional considerations.
3

Allocate 1st

Allocate 3rd

Allocate last because it is in the middle

Allocate 4th

Allocate 2nd

Select the best product option

Functional
consideration

Weighting
factor

Product
Option A

3
3
2
1
1
Total score (highest score is best)

Product
Option B

Product
Option C

Select the best product option

Individual scores are allocated to each

product for each functional consideration.

Maximum score for an individual product

consideration = 3 points.

Select the best product option

Each individual score is then multiplied by

the corresponding weighting factor to give a
value of each functional consideration for
each product.

Select the best product option

Cell score calculations must be shown in

the decision matrix, i.e. Cell score =
weighting factor x score for individual
product consideration.

No row in the decision matrix can have the

same (constant) values.

Select the best product option

A constant is useless when we are trying to

make decisions based upon differences.

Total scores must be stated for each

product/ salient design feature.

The product receiving the highest total

numerical value is deemed to be the best
product out of those products surveyed.

Select the best product option

Ensure that like-for-like comparisons are

made.

When allocating scores to each product for

each functional consideration, a large
range of values could be used if greater
attention to detail is assured.

Ease of storage and transport

Weighting

Clients Wheel

Competitor As

Competitor Bs

Competitor Cs

factor

Clamp

Wheel Clamp

Wheel Clamp

Wheel Clamp

Product overall volume

29 dm3

23 dm3

19 dm3

11.5 dm3

Product overall weight

12.5 kg

10 kg

11 kg

11.1 kg

factor 362.5

factor 230.0

factor 209.0

factor 127.7

(2x1) = 2

(2x2) = 4

(2x2) = 4

(2x3) = 6

Individual score

127.7

Weighting factor x

3 points

2 points

362.5

transportation

230.0

Ease of storage;

209.0

1 point

150
250
350
Ease of storage and transport comparison factor

Graphical representation

Use computer 3D solid models to show

isometric views; balloon labels to identify
individual parts.

Two-digit fixed field codes (part numbers)

should be allocated in some logical order
around the isometric views.

Keep the part count to less than 100 items.

Graphical representation

Design is an iterative process undertaken in

two main stages:

The concept design stage is used to capture

SHAPES

and formalise ideas in terms of geometric

features and the general arrangement of parts.

The detail design stage is used to allocate

SIZES

sizes to those geometric features.

Graphical representation

Concept designs are produced before

detail designs.

Concept designs show how mechanical

products are intended to work.

Concept designs show the General

Arrangement (GA) of the parts involved
and the extent of any movement.

Graphical representation

The best way to illustrate the geometry

of a mechanical product is to use at
least two 3D isometric views.

This will illustrate most sides of the

product whilst using the minimum
number of views.

Graphical representation

Never illustrate the geometry of a

product with shadow as it distracts from
detail that is important.

Switch off the light source when

illustrating computer 3D solid models as
isometric views.

Graphical representation

Never illustrate the geometry of computer

3D solid models in dark colours as it hides
detail that is important; use light colours
with a dark image outline.

Graphical representation

3D isometric cross-sectional views

should be used to show any internal
geometric details that are present.

Use numbered balloon labels to identify

all parts involved.

The numbers inside the balloon labels

should have a fixed field format.

Graphical representation

Use two digits (fields) if there are less than

one hundred parts involved, e.g. 01.

Number the balloon labels shown on the

GA according to some form of logical order
(e.g. in a clockwise direction).

Denote each part with a multiple quantity, N

with a times N outside the balloon, e.g. x2

ME1 Flow Meter

01

x4
08
02

x4

07

x2

03

04

05

x2

06

Parts list

A list of all the parts used to supply one

complete product, including packaging and
documentation.

For each individual part identify their part

(or item) number, description, quantity
used/ product, form of supply, material type;
how they are made.

Parts list

The item numbers used in the parts list

must be the same numbers as those used
inside the balloon labels for the parts shown
on the GA.

Parts List ME1 Flow Meter

d
e
s
a
h
c
r
u YES
01
SPACER 4 OFF
p
02
SCREW, CH HD
4 OFF be
03
O-RING
1 OFF
d
l
u
04
IMPELLER ASSY o 1 OFF
h
05
ROLL PIN 2s
OFF
e
t
s
e
t
06
LID 1 OFF
l
r
p
a
07
CONNECTOR
2 OFF m
p
l
YES
o
l
08 A BASE 1 OFF
c
YES
09
BRACKET 1 OFF

ITEM

10
11
12
13
14

DESCRIPTION

QUANTITY

FLAT WASHER 2 OFF

SPRING WASHER 2 OFF
HEX FULL NUT 2 OFF
TUBE 1 OFF
CARTON 1 OFF

ITEM MADE IN-HOUSE?

YES
YES

NO
NO
NO
NO

NO
NO
NO
NO
NO

Any Questions?