Training Document - SRAN6.0 - BSC6900 (V900R013C00) - Transmission Resource Management Feature-20110511-A-1.0

Security Level: Internal Use
SRAN6.0 BSC6900
(V900R013C00)
Transmission Resource
Management Feature
Global Technical Support
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
About This Course
This course is based on BSC6900 V900R013.
For better understanding and continuity, this course covers some basic
concepts in V900R011 and V900R012.
This document discusses all features of TRM, focusing on principles,

realization mechanisms and basic configuration. With values as a driven
factor, the document describes TRM in depth and by the numbers. For
details on algorithm configuration and network planning and optimization,
see guide books on algorithm and optimization such as Transmission
Resource Management.
This document describes TRM features by focusing on the management

of IP transmission resources on the Iub/Abis interface.
Page 3
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Understand basic functions and working principles of TRM
Understand the basic configuration and verification of TRM

features
Be familiarized with the impact (index) and precautions of

enabled TRM features on the system
Page 4
Contents
Values and Evaluation Criteria of TRM
Key Concepts
Main Strategies of TRM (Overall Functions)
Key Features of TRM
FAQs
Page 5
Values of TRM
Network expansion and evolution gradually improve the air interface capacity of a system, creating an increasing
demand for transmission resources. Traditionally, transmission resources in a mobile network are configured only to
meet the requirements of CS domain services. Today these resources cannot meet the demands of data field
services. Investment of transmission resources has further increased in mobile network construction, requiring
network constructors to meet more business demands with fewer transmission resources. A flexible and efficient
solution on transmission resource has become the trend of a network solution.
Focused on various networking scenarios, TRM aims to improve system capacity using various algorithms, with the
QoS quality of services guaranteed. In addition, TRM provides differentiated services specifically for the BE service,
and improve data transmission utilization. Finally, TRM ensures system stability by avoiding board resetting caused
by overload of accessed users, and also ensures the availability of resource allocation using an algorithm for a
transmission link test.
Successful TRM requires you to manage the transmission resources on the Iu-CS, Iu-PS, Iur, lub, Abis, A, Ater and
Iur-g interfaces, with a uniform interface on management of services to remove the differences of transmission
modes such as ATM, IP and TDM.
With the highest transmission cost and complicated transmission networks, the lub interface affects the system
performance most greatly. In addition, the actual bandwidth of a 3G BE service varies greatly. Therefore, this
document focuses on the TRM algorithm on the lub interface.
The Radio Resource Management (RRM) algorithm that relates closely to the TRM algorithm includes air-interface
scheduling algorithm and air-interface load control algorithm. The algorithm policy of TRM must be consistent with
that of RRM.
Page 6
Evaluation Criteria of TRM Algorithm
Ensured service quantity
The quality of RT services is ensured (with no delay, jittering, or

packet loss).
Latency: An introduced latency must always meet the QoS

requirements of a service, without influencing users each other.
Packet loss ratio: The lowest packet loss ratio is preferred. Ideally
packets are not lost.
The guaranteed bit rate (GBR) of non-RT services is available.
Reliability
Page 7
Capacity as high as possible with guaranteed user experience
The greatest number of users is accessed. (operator value)
Non-RT services enable you to make the best of bandwidth resources.
When the transmission bandwidth is limited or is over the threshold,

ensure that the user experience does not drop.
Page 8
Equality and differentiated services for BE service subscribers
Equality: Among all subscribers with the same priority, the actual sending
rate is the same for users with sufficient data transmission requirements.
Firstly, you must guarantee the equality among users at a NodeB or BTS.
In addition, you must consider the equality among NodeBs in HUB
scenarios.
Differentiated service: Among all subscribers with different priorities, the

actual sending rate meets the requirements of a differentiated service for
a subscriber with sufficient data transmission requirements. Even if no
subscribers send data, the above differentiated requirements are also
met.
Page 9
Contents
Key Concepts
Main Strategy of TRM (Overall Functions)
Key Features of TRM
FAQs
Page 10
Key Concept (1): Basic Configuration of

Transmission Resources
Huawei BSC6900 series enable you to uniformly configure 3G and 2G transmission

resources, and describe transmission resources in all networking scenarios,
including the features such as priority and bandwidth. This forms the basis of a
transmission resource algorithm.
Primary targets involved in transmission resource configuration: interface boards

(including single-core boards and multi-core boards), physical ports, ATM logical
ports, IP logical ports, AAL2 paths, and IP paths.
You must configure transmission resources from bottom to up, namely, the Physical
layer, the Link layer, and then the Network layer, as shown in the following figure.
Page 11
Key Concept (1): Basic Configuration of

Transmission Resources
Page 12
Key Concept (2): Wireless Layer Service

Types
Service types, channel bearing types, and user priorities are the features of a service at the wireless layer. The QoS
requirements vary depending on service types. The TRM system must guarantee the QoS of these services, and
makes services different and reliable on this basis.
Types of GSM services include CS voice, CS data, PS high priority, and PS low priority.
Types of UMTS services (Traffic Type) include common public channels, MBMS public channels, common signaling,
IMS signaling, voices, flows, backgrounds, and interactive services (with three THP priorities: high, middle and low).
When judged from traffic features, UMTS services include RT services and BE services.
UMTS user priority (ARP) For easy implementation, a product has three priorities: first priority, second priority, and
third priority.
ARP priorities involve three aspects. Firstly, the priority level that reflects the priority of a request service; secondly, the
preemption capability of a request service that indicates whether this request can preempt the resources of another
request; thirdly, the preemption capabilities of a request service that indicates whether the request allows other
requests to preempt its resources after the access.
ARP reflects the priority of a user or even the type of a user request service. The purpose is to allocate resources
during a user request, and to preempt resources among various services when resources are limited. Description: The
number 0 indicates that a fault occurs, 15 indicates that priority is not considered, 1 indicates the highest priority, and
14 indicates the lowest priority.
UMTS channel types: DCH, HSDPA and HSUPA. The channel type E-FACH is introduced in RNC RAN11, and ERACH and E-PCH types are introduced in MBSC R13.
Page 13
Key Concept (3): Types of Transmission

Resources
In IP transmission networking, transmission resources include the bandwidth

(BW), UDP port number, and DSID (index of a UOIP channel in a BSC).
In ATM networking, transmission resources include the BW, CID, and DSID
(index of a UOIP channel in a BSC).
In TDM networking, transmission resources include time slots (TS) and CIC
(A interface).
This document describes how to manage and allocate broadband

transmission resources during IP transmission. On the ABIS/IUB/A/IU/IUR
interface, bandwidth resources are distributed on LogicPort ATM&IP),
physical ports (ETH/PPP/MP/UNI/IMA), and paths.
An IP path corresponds to 14 queues at the bottom layer: BE, AF11-AF13,

AF21-AF23, AF31-AF33, AF41-AF43, and EF. In the hybrid IP scenario, IP
paths are classified into 28 types, with high quality and low quality.
Page 14
Key Concepts (4): Service Transmission

Requirements
Overall, the services on a user plane include RT services and BE services.
RT (realtime) services involve voices, signaling, and public channels.
The bandwidth of RT services must be strictly guaranteed. Packet loss, flow control, and much
cache data are not allowed for RT services. Otherwise, the service stops.
RT services are active and regular. With multiple RT services accessed, the total actual flows are
stable, and the access can be accurate.
Signings must be guaranteed in priority.
BE services (NRT and non-realtime services)include background services and interactive services:
You do not need to strictly guarantee the bandwidth of BE services. When resources are
insufficient, you can reduce the throughput rate of a service for data caching, so that the
Application layer is adaptable.
BE services are not active or regular. With multiple BE services accessed, the total actual flows
fluctuates greatly. Therefore, you cannot accurately estimate the bandwidth that is applied in a
non-realtime service.
Page 15
Key Concepts (5): Transmission Bandwidth
For a BSC, two transmission bandwidths are available: the bandwidth on the transmission
layer and the bandwidth on the user plane.
During bandwidth access at the TRM transmission layer, the transmission layer bandwidth
at the layer is applied. With the current TRM access strategy, during service access, the
system allocates transmission resources for users according to the configured Guarantee
Bandwidth Rate (GBR) in a specified transmission channel. In addition, the system handles
congestions, queuing and preemption according to the configured congestion, LDR
parameters, and overload class (OLC). (In some feature description, the transmission
access is called control plane access.)
After the service setup, the actual flow of data transmitting and receiving is the bandwidth
of the user plane. For some services (such as PS services and BE services), the bandwidth
of the user plane is fluctuating, and the flow control is also performed.
The bandwidth that is queried using a DSP IP path is a bandwidth at the transmission layer.
By using the flow monitoring software, you can see that the traffic is calculated as the
bandwidth of the user plane.
Page 16
Key Concept (6): Access of Transmission

Resources
Definition: To ensure system stability and avoid congestion losses on a node or even on the entire transmission
link, perform the call admission control (CAC) for transmission resources before actually occupying transmission
resources. The purpose is to judge whether this user is allowed to access the neighboring node, and decide the
type of a transmission resource where this user connects to. An admission algorithm improves the utilization of
transmission resources, reflects variation (among different types of users) and guarantees the equality (among
the same type of users).
The admission bandwidth is the bandwidth of the transmission layer that a service requests from the TRM. It is
named the access bandwidth of the control plane. For a BSC6900, this access bandwidth equals to a reserved
bandwidth.)
Access bandwidth = (bandwidth of the Application layer + Transport layer header/bandwidth multiplexing) x
active factor
Active factor: Applied for calculation, indicating the proportion of the timeline of an actual transmitted and received packet. By setting
lower active factors, a user obtains a lower admission bandwidth for each service, therefore creating over transmission with more users
accessed; however, this may cause congestion on the user plane.
For RT services, the admission bandwidth is similar to the actual bandwidth; for BE services, the admission
bandwidth is small (GBR), but the actual bandwidth of data transmission may be great. For example, during 64
kbit/s GBR service admission, the admission bandwidth of the Transmission layer is about 70 Kbit/s; however,
the actual bandwidth of data transmission is 1 MB or higher.
Note: You must use the GBR admission of BE services in cooperation with the anti-pressure flow control on the user plane. Otherwise,
the user experience may drop.
Page 17
Contents
An Introduction to Key Concepts
Main Strategies of TRM
Key Features of TRM
FAQs
Page 18
Main Strategies for TRM on Huawei Products

(Contents Highlighted in Red are Added in Version
13.0)
QoS Guarantee
Admission Control
Admit bandwidth
management
LoadEQ and DualPATH

RAN Sharing&Abis IP
Sharing
Load Reshuffling
Over load Control
TRM
Differentiated Services
Traffic priority mapping on
transport
Reliability
IPPATH ping check
Realtime flux monitor
Page 19
Main Updates of R13 TRM Features
In the scenario of the UMTS Iub two-way transmission (including ATM/IP dual stack
networking or hybrid IP networking), actual flow-based load balance (CR No.: CR
NP1399 dual path improvement) is added for the original load balance features. The
purpose is to improve the actual utilization of transmission resources.
The IP paths at the UMTS Iub interface and GSM Abis interface support the detection of
UDP Ping (OR No.: MBSCV9R13C00-OR-2118), so that it complements the original
ICMP Ping detection function. In some networking scenarios, UDP Ping is more reliable.
The UMTS Iub interface and GSM Abis interface support separation of logic port-based
operator transmission data, including admission, LDR, congestion alarms (feature ID:
GBFD-118704).
The UMTS introduces two types of bearing channels at the wireless layer: E-RACH and
E-PCH. Activation factors are configurable (feature ID: WRFD-010701 E-RACH/WRFD020134 E-PCH).
Page 20
Contents
Key Features of TRM
FAQs
Page 21
Key Features of TRM

1. Flexible Mapping Between Service Types and
Transmission (GU)
2. Load Balance and DualPath Features (UO)
3. Operator-Oriented Separation of Management on
Transmission Resources (GU)
4. ICMP and UDP Based IPPATH Ping Test (GU)
Page 22
1. Flexible Mapping Between Service

Types and Transmission (GU)
1.1. Purpose and Application Scenarios
1.2. Implementation Mechanism
1.3. Basic Configuration Guide
1.4. FAQs
Page 23
1.1 Background and Values
Flexible configuration: Supports flexible mapping from service types on the wireless layer to queues on the
transmission layer, and the decoupling on the service layer and transmission layer, therefore making
network adjustment easier.
Differentiation: Supports the mapping configuration where different user priorities are transmitted to the
bottom layer, providing more flexible solutions for differentiated services.
Page 24
1.1 Background and Values
Reliability: Active/standby redundancy configuration for Multi-channel transmission. With

differentiation guaranteed, perform active/standby redundancy configuration for multi-channel
transmission for the same type of wireless service. The purpose is to improve service reliability.
When a channel of transmission resources is unavailable, the resource automatically switches to
another channel for service admission.
Load sharing: Used with load balancing features to enable load sharing of the service.
Page 25
1.2 Implementation Mechanism
Configure TRMMAP mapping tables (for details, see section 3) according to

field networking and QOS principles.
When a user is accessed, the system searches TRMMAP mapping tables

according to the service types at the wireless layer, and obtains the types
(AAL2PATH or IPPATH) of corresponding transmission active/standby paths.
The system accesses a user on an active path. If an active path is not

configured and the bandwidth is congested, the transmission fault is
automatically switched to the access of a standby path.
If both active and standby paths are not configured, congested or

transmission fails. This service access fails.
Page 26
1.3 Basic Configuration Guide

Before this feature parameter is configured, other related NEs, transmission and
service parameters are configured by default.
(1) Run the ADD ADJNODE command to configure and transfer a neighboring node.
(2) Run the ADD TRMMAP command to configure a service mapping table.
(3) Run the ADD ADJMAP command to configure the mapping relation between
neighboring nodes.
(3) Run the ADD IPPATH command or the ADD AAL2PATH command to add the
type of paths for service mapping.
Example of a configuration script:
Differentiated
Mapping S cripts
Page 27
1.4 FAQs
If any configuration errors occur, the service cannot be established. (See sections in FAQs).
It is difficult to troubleshoot TRMMAP configuration problems. Therefore, you must manually
analyze more than three MML commands. To solve this problem, an MML checking tool is
developed.
TNLMMLCheck.exe
Page 28
2 Load Balance and DualPath

Features (UO)
2.1 Background and Application Scenarios of Load
Balance Features
2.2 Access Bandwidth - Based Traditional Load
Balance Algorithm
2.3 Actual Flow - Based Load Balance DualPath
Features
2.4 Basic Configuration
Page 29
2.1 Background and Application

Scenarios
of networking
LoadorBalance
Features
In IUB ATM/IP dual-stack
hybrid networking, perform
the access according to
TRMMAP active/standby mapping. When a main path is congested, a standby path is idle.
In BE services, GBR admission makes a main path congested. The actual data transmission
rate is low, but the standby path is idle. This prevents full utilization of resources, creating poor
user experience.
This requires you to use a service bearing QoS strategy to adjust bandwidth utilization ratio
and fairness indexes. For example, for BE services, when the burden of a main path is
increased to a certain degree, properly share the burden to the standby path for load balance.
LOADEQ
Page 30
2.1 Background and Application

Scenarios
Networking Scenario of Load Balance Features
IUB ATM/IP dual stack transmission
(Continued)
During the actual configuration, RT and BE services are mapped to the ATM and IP addresses
for two-way transmission.
IUB Hybrid IP dual channel transmission

Two channels of IP addresses connect to E1/T1 and FE/GE ports, and RT services and BE
services are mapped to two-channel transmission according to TRMMAP.
Page 31
2.2 Access Bandwidth - Based Traditional

Load Balance Algorithm
Configure service-mapped active/standby paths using the TRMMAP
Configure load balance threshold using the LOADEQ
During the service access, check the load of the access bandwidth on an active/standby path (total access bandwidth/total
bandwidth of a path.
If the load of a main path is less than the Load Ratio Threshold on Primary Paths, access the service on a main path.
If the load of a main path is greater than the Loading Rate Threshold on Primary Paths, and the loading rate of an
active/standby path is less than the Loading Rate Threshold on Primary and Secondary Paths, access the service on a
standby path.
Load balancing refers to the adjustment of the admission sequence of an active/standby path according to the load of the
access bandwidth. The active/standby path is mapped by the TRMMAP.
Page 32
2.3 Actual Flow - Based Load Balance

DualPath Features
When BE services are accessed, a traditional load balance algorithm calculates the load of
the access bandwidth according to the GBR, and then adjusts the load balance according to
this load. However, the occupied bandwidth of BE services vary greatly, and the GBR cannot
reflect the occupation rate of the actual transmission. A traditional load balance algorithm still
has much to improve on the utilization rate of transmission resources.
SRAN 6.0 adds the section Real-time-Traffic-Based Load Balancing on Primary and
Secondary Paths for the MBSC, and specifies that the utilization rate of a transmission
network is improved in the following application scenarios:
Dual stack networking or hybrid networking

Two channels of transmission have independent congestion handling nodes, with two
channels of bandwidth not shared.
The downlink traffic is greater than the uplink traffic
BE services (including PS interconnection on R99/HSDPA and PS background services)
Page 33
2.3 Actual Flow - Based Load Balance

DualPath Features (Continued)
Use LOADEQ to configure the balance threshold of an actual flow load
Report the actual flow according to the bottom layer (ATM cell layer or IP MAC
layer), and periodically update the actual flow load of an active/standby path.
If the actual flow load of an active path is less than the Primary Pass Realtime
Load Threshold for an Active Path, access BE services on an active path.
If the actual flow load of an active path is greater than the Primary Pass Realtime
Load Threshold, and the actual flow load of an active/standby path is less than the
Sec-Pri Path Realtime Load Ratio Threshold, access the BE services on an active
path.
In other cases, judge again according to the traditional load balance algorithm
(based on the access bandwidth).
Page 34
2.4 Basic Configuration
Run the ADD LOADEQ command to add a load balance record
Run the ADD ADJMAP command to specify the load balance index for a neighboring node
Page 35
3. Operator-Oriented Separated Management

on Transmission Resources (GU)
3.1. Background and Values
3.2. Application Scenarios
3.3. New Features of Abis Sharing
3.4. Configuration and Verification
Page 36
3.1. Background and Values

Benefits:
Develop flexible business strategies by using RAN sharing and BSS

sharing
If operators in different development stages cooperate on resource

sharing, the fund utilization rate is maximized.
Save the investment costs in network construction and network

operation costs
All operators share network coverage to enable full network coverage
New operators quickly build networks and develop users
Page 37
3.2 Application Scenarios

Overall networking (take Abis-sharing for example):
Page 38

1. Universal admission on the control plane, and uniform flow control
on the user plane
Page 39

2. Separate admission on the control plane, and separate flow control on the
user plane
Page 40

3. Separate admission on the control plane, and uniform flow control
on the user plane
Page 41
Transmission ports that support the feature (the bracket indicates the initiated version):
GSM
UMTS
ATM PORT(IMA/UNILINK/FRA)
NA.
Phase III(SRAN 5.0)
ATM PORT (nonchannel optical

interface)
NA.
Phase I (SRAN 5.0)
PPP PORT (PPP, MP)
Phase III (SRAN 6.0)
ETH PORT (FE GE)
IP LOGICPORT
Phase III(SRAN 6.0)
Phase II: Hub LP or the leaf LP directly carried

on the port (RAN11)
ATM LOGICPORT
NA.
Phase II (RAN11)
Phase I:
The transmission only supports complete sharing (by default).
Phase II:
The transmission supports complete sharing or isolation (plan of logical port isolation)
according to operator requirements
Phase II:
The transmission supports complete sharing, control plane separation (including

complete separation and incomplete separation), or incomplete user plane isolation
according to operator requirements
Page 42
Complete bandwidth separation: The bandwidths of many operators are not overlapped, and the sum of the
maximum bandwidths of all operators is equal to the total bandwidth.
Incomplete bandwidth separation: The bandwidths of many operators are overlapped, and the sum of the
maximum bandwidths of all operators is greater than the total bandwidth. For example, operator A accounts
for 60% of the maximum available bandwidth on a congestion node and operator B configures 70% of
the maximum available bandwidth. The sum of the two percentages is more than 100%.
3G Phase II plan: Only a Hub logic port or a leaf logical port directly carried on physical ports (including PPP
links) can be configured as independent modes. If a Hub logical port is in independent mode, all subordinate
logical ports inherit the mode, and cannot be configured as sharing mode. This mainly applies to the
networking scenario of PPP Hub NodeB.
2G Phase II plane: 2G networking requirements are different from that in 3G, and contain no networking
scenario of PPP Hub BTS. Therefore, a 2G logical port is configured as the independent mode, and a Hub
logical port or physical port is configured as sharing.
Phase III plan: Separation on the access layer, and sharing on the user plane, namely, each operator
controls the number of users according to bandwidth proportion; however, BE users after actual access
have access to the bandwidth that is more than GBR admission. This occupies the bandwidth of other
operators.
Page 43
3.3 New Features of Abis Sharing

In versions earlier than SRAN 6.0, separation of IP transmission
operators only applies to 3G sections that cover the IP or ATM
networking scenarios in UO and GU boxes of the BSC6900.
Abis Sharing features are added in SRAn 6.0, covering Abis IP
networking scenarios of the GO and GU subracks of the BSC6900.
Two networking scenarios:
BTS-BSC IP over ETH
BTS-BSC IP over E1
Page 44

1. BTS-BSC IP over ETH
In this networking scenario, a BSC connects to an Ethernet port using the GOUc or FG2c,
and multi-level logical ports are configured to connect to a BTS.
In this networking mode, congestion occurs in the following scenarios:
The congestion point (last kilometer) of a transmission network
Multi-level transmission node congestion during transmission
Page 45
IP over Ethernet "last kilometer" congestion:
IP over Ethernet networking (IPoE1 for the last kilometer from a BTS). More than one
operator separately uses the bandwidth of a congestion node (leaf node congestion).
Solution
Separate admission on the control plane,
and uniform flow control on the user plane
Page 46
Congestion on IP over ETH Transmission Node:
Multi-level congestion bottlenecks during BSC port or intermediate transmission bearing

(congestion scenario of a non-leaf node)
Solution
Page 47

IP over E1
The PPP and MP are connected directly from an MBSC to BTS. The bandwidth on the
BSC side is the bottleneck of the bandwidth, and you must classify the bandwidth
application according to operators.
Solution
Page 48
4 ICMP and UDP Based IPPATH PING

Test (GU)
4.1 Application Background and Scenario
4.2 Auto Ping Test Based on ICMP Packets
4.3 New Ping Features Based on UDP Packets
4.4 Configuration and Verification
Page 49
4.1 Application Background and Scenario
In IP networking, the system must know the status of bottom

layer transmission at all time.
You must identify the transmission status on a single IP path

when accessing services.
After a transmission network blinks, quickly isolate services

to improve reliability.
Page 50
A packet interacts with the peer end in the format of an ICMP frame (IUB/IUR/IU/ABIS/A)
You can configure BSC periodic packaging, packaging period, packet size, and times of expired
detections.
You can open a single IP path or close to auto Ping test (during initial BTS construction or relocation).
Page 51
If a subsequent Ping test detects that the failure times are more than the maximum number of
configurations, then the IP path is faulty. Report the IP path alarms.
If a subsequent Ping test detects that the success times are more than the maximum number
of configurations, then the IP path is resumed. Report the IP path alarms.
The service is released on the faulty IP path, and a new service cannot be accessed.
Page 52
4.3 New Ping Features Based on UDP Packets

(Added in SRAN 6.0)
Shortcomings of an ICMP Ping test
An ICMP packet may be mistaken for a Ping attack, and is
discarded.
An ICMP Ping test affects the Ping function of an interface board.
An ICMP Ping test is different from a service packet.
An ICMP Ping test uses the Core module on the BTS side, and is
affected by the flow control in a NodeB.
Advantages of UDP Ping
A test packet is in the UDP form, the same as that of a service
packet. The test result and the service performance are consistent.
It avoids discarding as mistaken for an attack packet.
A user-initiated Ping is not affected.
Page 53
4.3 New Ping Properties Based on UDP

Packets
(Continued)
A UDP Ping test is a private protocol for a BTS and NodeB of Huawei.
To enable a UDP ping test on a BSC, the support features of the peer NE version are required.
A UDP Ping test shares the same detection processes and parameter configuration with an
ICMP Ping test.
Page 54
4.4 Configuration and Verification

Enable an IPPATH Ping test, and configure Ping test parameters by using
the ADD IP path or MOD IP path.
Page 55
4.4 Configuration and Verification (Continued)

If the poor network quality causes frequent faults during a Ping
test, refer to the following counters to evaluate network quality.
For definitions and meanings of all counters, see Performance
Index.
Page 56
Contents
Key Features of TRM
FAQs
Page 57
FAQs
1.
Two BTSs connect to the same BSC GE port (GOUc). Now the two BTSs independently
shares 20M bandwidth, without affecting each other.
A: You can configure independent IP logic ports for two BTSs, configure independent
bandwidths for two logic ports, and connect the BTSs to the two logic ports.
2.
Access a 64K PS service; however, the actual rate is as high as 1M after monitoring the
actual flows or referring to the Counter indexes on an IP path.
A: A UMTS PS service allows GBR admission by default. The 64 kbit/s bandwidth of GBR
access indicates the Transmission layer bandwidth; however, the traffic monitoring software
monitors the user plane bandwidth on the Link layer. If the transmission resource is
sufficient, and the rate during user registration is not less than 1 M, the actual rate of a user
is as high as 1 Mbit/s.
Page 58
FAQs
3. No voices are generated during service access (GSM)/FP synchronization fails (UMTS)/IUUP
synchronization fails (UMTS). Troubleshooting on transmission status of the IP path indicates that
the status is normal.
A: If a Ping test switch is disabled for an IP path, and the status of the interface board and port are
"UP". The status of an IP path is "UP" by default. At this time, both transmission admission and
transmission bearing setup succeed; however, as transmission is different, subsequent interaction
on the user plane fails. It is recommended to enable a Ping test.
4. During IP transmission on A or IU interface, the service setup fails. The BSC returns a cause value,
indicating that transmission bearer setup fails. (similar cause values)
A: The fault occurs due to failed admission of transmission resources. To solve this problem, use a
protocol message to query the IP address of the UMG/MGW user plane. This IP address is
specified by the Core. Then check BSC configuration to ensure that the A or IU interface is
configured to the IP address of the corresponding network segment. If it is configured, also confirm
that the status of the IP path is "UP". Finally, check the TRMMAP settings to confirm that the type of
the IP path mapped by service types is configured.
Page 59
FAQs
4. The number of accessed users increases rapidly due to unexpected causes; however, the
limited transmission bandwidth causes failed admission of some users.
A: You can refer to this step to temporarily avoid this fault. In this case, user admission is the
priority, but user experience may drop. Run the MOD TRMFACTOR command to reduce the
accessed activation factors of some service transmissions, so that the admission bandwidth is
reduced, and user capacity is improved. This method is only a temporary solution. To evaluate
the impact, refer to traffic models and network QoS.
Page 60
Thank you
www.huawei.com

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About This Course

This course is based on BSC6900 V900R013.

This document discusses all features of TRM, focusing on principles,

This document describes TRM features by focusing on the management

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Understand basic functions and working principles of TRM

Understand the basic configuration and verification of TRM

Be familiarized with the impact (index) and precautions of

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Values and Evaluation Criteria of TRM

Main Strategies of TRM (Overall Functions)

Key Features of TRM

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Evaluation Criteria of TRM Algorithm

Ensured service quantity

The quality of RT services is ensured (with no delay, jittering, or

Latency: An introduced latency must always meet the QoS

The guaranteed bit rate (GBR) of non-RT services is available.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Evaluation Criteria of TRM Algorithm

Capacity as high as possible with guaranteed user experience

The greatest number of users is accessed. (operator value)

Non-RT services enable you to make the best of bandwidth resources.

When the transmission bandwidth is limited or is over the threshold,

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Evaluation Criteria of TRM Algorithm

Equality and differentiated services for BE service subscribers

Differentiated service: Among all subscribers with different priorities, the

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Values and Evaluation Criteria of TRM

Main Strategy of TRM (Overall Functions)

Key Features of TRM

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Key Concept (1): Basic Configuration of

Huawei BSC6900 series enable you to uniformly configure 3G and 2G transmission

Primary targets involved in transmission resource configuration: interface boards

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Key Concept (1): Basic Configuration of

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Key Concept (2): Wireless Layer Service

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Key Concept (3): Types of Transmission

In IP transmission networking, transmission resources include the bandwidth

This document describes how to manage and allocate broadband

An IP path corresponds to 14 queues at the bottom layer: BE, AF11-AF13,

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Key Concepts (4): Service Transmission

Overall, the services on a user plane include RT services and BE services.

RT (realtime) services involve voices, signaling, and public channels.

Signings must be guaranteed in priority.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Key Concepts (5): Transmission Bandwidth

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Key Concept (6): Access of Transmission

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Values and Evaluation Criteria of TRM

An Introduction to Key Concepts

Main Strategies of TRM

Key Features of TRM