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Foundation Biology 2
TOPIC 1
CELL BIOLOGY
LECTURE 1
CELL STRUCTURE
Cell Structure
(Discoveries in Science have often paralleled
the advances made in technology. The
invention of the microscope was what lead to
the discovery of the cell)
Robert Hooke is the person responsible for
the term cell used in Science.
Around 1665 he was viewing a slice of
cork under the microscope and called
what he saw cells.
This is from the Latin word Cella which
means storeroom or small container.
compound
microscope
1665 - First to see cells Robert Hooke
1674 - First to see living cells and Protozoans
VS.
Cell differentiation
When cells take on a different shape, size,
and chemistry, suitable for a certain
function during development.
Cells vary in size, shape (round, flat, long,
rectangle etc.) and internal components
They may also exist in different
arrangements depending on function
(e.g. multiple layers, single layers etc.)
Cell Specialization
Division of Labor
A more efficient way of getting jobs done in a
multicellular organism because the different
tasks are dispersed to different cells, each of
which is specialized to do that job.
The organelles that make up a certain cell are
also determined by the specific functions
carried out by the cell
Levels of Organization
A system of hierarchy in which a group of
things are arranged in order of rank,
complexity, or size.
Example:
= Ht x Wd x Lg x no# of
SA : Volume ratio =
For Example:
[A]
1cm
[B]
10cm
[C]
1cm
Total SA
1x1x6
= 6 cm2
10 x 10 x 6
= 600cm2
1x1x6x8
= 48cm2
Volume
1x1x1
= 1 cm3
10 x 10 x 10
= 1000cm3
1x1x1x8
= 8cm3
SA : Vol
6/1
=6
600/1000
= 0.6
48 / 8
=6