Cell Phone Antennas

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Contents

Introduction

Need for Antenna

Types of Antennas used in Cell phones

Retractable Monopole Antenna
Helical Antenna
Intenna
Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA)

Antennas in some of Todays Smartphones

SAR Measurement
Cell phone towers
Advancements & Future Technologies
References
Cell Phone Antennas

Antenna- An Introduction
An Antenna converts electromagnetic radiation into electric c
urrent, or vice versa.
Need of Antenna :
For transmission and reception of the radio signal.
Antennas are required by any radio receiver or transmitter t
o couple its electrical connection to the electromagnetic fiel
d.

Cell Phone Antennas

Types of Antennas used in Cell Phones

Following are some of the antennas used in cellular phones:

External Antennas
Retractable Monopole (whips) antennas
Helical antennas

Internal Antennas
Microstrip antennas (MSA)
Planar inverted-F antennas (PIFA)

Cell Phone Antennas

Retractable Monopole Antenna

An antenna that we can retract.
Basically a dipole antenna with top loading (looks li
ke a hat)

Cell Phone Antennas

Helical (Stubby) Antenna

When we open a cap, we can see a helical antenn
a. (looks like a spring)
We dont have to retract. It is convenient for user
s.

Cell Phone Antennas

Intenna
Internal antenna: The antenna is embedded inside t
he phone which is not visible to us.
A phone case is strongly related to an intenna.

Cell Phone Antennas

Multiple antennas on each phone

Primary cellular antenna

Diversity cellular antennas
GPS antenna
WiFi antenna
NFC antenna

Cell Phone Antennas

Primary cellular antenna

Primary comm. Antenna i.e both Tx & Rx
.
Located at lower end of the device.
Half wave dipole antenna
Meandered feed to reduce resonant freq
uency
SAR & TRP

Cell Phone Antennas

Primary...........

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Cell Phone Antennas

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Diversity cellular antenna

Only Rx
To avoid fading
Locate at top of the device to get max. Is
olation with primary antenna.
No SAR & TRP effects

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Cell Phone Antennas

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GPS antennas
Only Rx
1.575 GHZ

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Cell Phone Antennas

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WiFi antennas
Two bands
2400-2484 MHZ (Bluetooth)
5150-5850 MHZ
Both Tx & Rx
PIFA antenna
SAR considerations

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NFC antennas
13.56 MHZ
So it occupies more space on phone.
go for Mutual induction coupling tech
nique.

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Nfc.....

Cell Phone Antennas

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Nfc...

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Nfc.....

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Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA)

Signal
SignalInput
Input

Radiator
Radiator
Original Form

Coaxial
Coaxial
Cable
Cable
PIFA

Integrated PIFA
Cell Phone Antennas

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Triple-Band Antenna
Intenna: internal antenna
Resonance: 900, 1800, 1900 [MHz]

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PIFA for Cell-Phone

Resonance Graph

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PIFA for Notebook

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Antennas for Galaxy Nexus & Galaxy S

Galaxy
Nexus
Cell Phone Antennas

Galaxy S
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Apples Antennagate
Death grip: when we touch a certain part of an iPhone 4, t
he ongoing call may gets dropped.
Stainless steel frame as multi-band antennas.

Iphone 4
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SAR Measurement
SAR: Specific Absorption Rate
Our brain can absorb Electromagnetic (EM) power. Th
e SAR measures how much power our head absorbs.

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Cell phone Towers

There are five main types of towers
The Monopole Tower
The Lattice Tower
The Guyed Tower
Concealed and Stealth Towers
Broadcast Towers

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The Monopole Tower

It is a single tube tower of height betwe
en 100-200 ft.
The antennas mounted
on the exterior of the tower
Its primary use is telephony.

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The Lattice Tower

It is sometimes referred to as "self-suppo
rt or SST because it is free-standing.
It stands 200-400 ft. tall
with a triangular base
and three-four sides.
It is typically used for telephony.

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The Guyed Tower

It is basically a straight rod supported by
wires that attach to the ground as suppo
rt.
Its heights of 300 ft and
beyond used for telephony,
radio, television, and paging.

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Concealed and Stealth Towers

Concealed towers are deployed to satisfy
zoning regulations, and can range in size
to accommodate their surroundings
they provide less capacity
to tenants than other towers

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Broadcast Towers
provide mounting space for FM radio, A
M radio, and Television (TV) antennas
Size depending upon the type of service
they provide and the coverage they are p
urposed to

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The Icebreaker: First Cell-Phone

Dr. Martin Cooper at Motorola Inc.
DynaTAC

Motorola ULTRA

Thin phone: 7.2 [mm]

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Quick Facts About the First Cell

Phone

The first
DynaTAC
phone
weighted
around 2.2
Kgs
(approx.)

The
battery
life would
last for
only 20
minutes

Cell Phone Antennas

Nicknamed
the
The
BRICK

Its cost
was
around
4,000 US
Dollars

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Trends in Cell-Phone Development

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Advancements & Future Technologies

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References
1) Kin-Lu Wong, Planar Antennas for Wireless Communication, Published by John
Wiley & Sons, Inc., Chapter: 2, Pages: 26-65, 2003.

2) C. Rowell, E.Y. Lam, Mobile-phone antenna design, IEEE Antennas and Propagati
on Magazine, Vol. 54, No. 4, Page(s): 14 34, 2012.

3) Images from shutterstock.com, antenna-theory.com, istockphoto.com, empire.de, ant

enova.com, nearfield.org, gsmarena.com.

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