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Sports Coaching: Theory &


Practice
Introduction to the course & Developing a coaching
philosophy?
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Seminars & Practical Sessions


5

Practical coaching.
Additional and
application of theory.

Emails:
First port of call is always
your tutor
so email them first.

You cannot just chop and


change tutorials, as you
will
be working in fixed
groups.
Practical sessions will be
organized around sport
categories.
Nash

If they cannot answer the


question
they will forward it to me.
Check the LMS first before
firing of
an email as answers are
usually up
there and it shows initiative 1/11/16
if

Developing your coaching philosophy

How does philosophy link to coaching ?


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Overview
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Theoretical aspects of philosophy we tend to use:

Axiology

Ethics

Ontology

Phenomenology

Practical aspects of creating and using a coaching


philosophy:

What is a coaching philosophy?

Why do you need a coaching philosophy?

How do you write your coaching philosophy?

Raising self-awareness and coaching philosophy

Understanding your environment

Writing your coaching philosophy

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Using your coaching philosophy

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Learning from the mistakes of


others
A coachs practice is founded on his or her
philosophy. It will afect their choices of what is
right and wrong. This is extremely important in toplevel sport, because there are many temptations to
take short cuts. (Atle Kvalsoli, 2005).

James Hird

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Shane Flanagan

Alberto Salazar

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Whatever it takes
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10

Cronulla Sharks drug supplement


saga

In 2013, following a
year-long
investigation into the
Sharks' supplements
program carried out
during the 2011 NRL
season, Flanagan
was suspended from
his role for a period
of 12 months.

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Paul Gallen and all


suspended Cronulla Sharks
players banned by NRL from
Dally M awards

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Catch me if you can


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Running legend and


Nike Oregon Project
coach Alberto
Salazar has been
accused by former
employees and
athletes of assisting
runners in using
performanceenhancing drugs

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The Impact of coaches


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I have come to a frightening realization. I am the decisive


element on the
track or the field. It is my personal approach that creates the
climate for
learning and personal performance. It is my daily mood that
makes the
weather bright or dreary. As a coach, I possess tremendous
power to make
my athletes lives miserable or joyous. I can be a tool of
torture, or an
instrument of inspiration. I can humiliateor humor, hurt or
heal. In all
situations, it is my response that decides whether 1/11/16
the
experience of sport is

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Elements of Coaching Philosophy


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Philosophical questions can be divided


crudely into 4 types, to do with:
Values
(Axiology)

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Morals
(Ethics)

Meaning
(Ontology)

Experience
(Phenomenolog
y)

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Axiology
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When coaches ask themselves the following questions they


are considering their values and the area of philosophy that is
axiology.
1.
2.

What is good about sport?


What is it about sport that makes them, athletes and
all the people who contribute to sport, do what they
do?

We can describe two sources of values in sport and coaching;


subjective and objective values.
Subjective values relate to what is important to
individuals, or groups of individuals (coach and players).
Objective values relate to the importance and significance
of objects in and of themselves, such as a footy game, or the
role of the coach.

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Axiology
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Example 1: A coach involved in


representative team selection
should ensure objective selection
criteria to avoid favoritism. These
should be based on justifiable and
persuasive accounts of what a
good player looks like and clear
evidence.
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Axiology
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Example 2: A junior netball coach may


value his or her role because it
demands the application of certain
qualities such as empathy,
concentration, pedagogic skill and
motivation to provide inspiration. This
coach sees the coaching process as
having intrinsic value.
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Axiology
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Example 3: A rival netball coach may value


sport and the coaching process as a way to
demonstrate their superiority, or to achieve
recognition through winning trophies. They
may be motivated by social status, financial
reward, or fame. This coach sees the coaching
process as having extrinsic value.
Most coaches possess a combination of
both intrinsic and extrinsic values, and
they pass these on to their athletes.
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Ethics: Deontology vs.


Utilitarianism

Ethics focus on moral values specifically how we


treat ourselves and others, in the pursuit of our
goals.

Sporting organizations will provide a code of ethics that spell


out the rights and duties of both the coach and the athletes.

Deontologists have a clear idea of what is inherently right


and wrong. Deontological ethics are concerned with what
people do, not with the consequences of their actions.
E.g. A player has the right not to be bullied by the coach and
therefore it is the coachs duty not to act in a threatening
manner.

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Utilitarianism
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Utilitarianism The ends justify the means.

Gymnastics coaches may justify the robust


physical treatment of junior gymnasts in terms of
the eventual overall satisfaction and pleasure
that will be derived from future success.

(Andrea Agassis autobiography is a good


illustration of this.

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RIO - The race to dope


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"We all knew that "I thought I'd never be


caught. I figured that others
everyone was
would be caught before me
and that I'd always be lucky
doped. Everyone
slip through the net."
supported it." Yulia and
French Athlete
Stepanova

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"It was a lot of


money...but I agreed
because that year, I
could become European
champion. The fee would
pay for itself." Italian
Athlete
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Ontology
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Ontology asks fundamental questions about the


meaning of life and illustrates how involvement in social
practices and the roles we adopt shape our world. E.g.
Our position in institutional frameworks such as the
family, school, work place, or society.

Coaching is a social practice; it is therefore a way of


life for some people and is a way that they define
themselves. It is their identity and for some their career.

Coaching has been described as a hierarchical process.


New coaches need to do their time. Coach education
has traditionally been considered as an apprenticeship

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Phenomenology
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Phenomenology - Philosophical approach that deals with


conscious experience.

What is it like to be a coach?


What is it like to experience pressure?
What does fear mean to an athlete?

Psychologists try to understand performance using ideas


like stress, anxiety, motivation etc.
Phenomenologists are keen to understand things by
describing emotions, feelings and physical sensations.
Important to note external perceptions of success in sport
do not always mirror internal afect and reality.

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So what is a coaching philosophy?


23

A coaching philosophy is a statement of what you value


and how you will approach your coaching role.
It covers your purpose as a coach and how you will
approach player development and achievement.
Your coaching philosophy consists of your major
objectives and the beliefs and principles that you
adhere to in order to achieve your objectives.
Your coaching philosophy guides how you behave as a
coach and how you interact with your athletes.
It should reect who you are and who you want to be.

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Why do you need a coaching


philosophy?

As a coach, you need to be


clear on where you are
heading and how you will get
there.

Your coaching philosophy


forms some guiding principles
that help you to identify
where you want to go and
what methods you will use to
get there.

This will impact on how you


design and deliver training
sessions for the development
of your athletes. It also
guides how much emphasis
you place on winning versus
player development.

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A coaching philosophy can


help you make the following
ethical decisions:
Substitutions
Injured players
Bending the rules
Pushing players to train
hard
Punishments

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How do you begin to write a coaching


philosophy?
25

To formalize your coaching philosophy you need to


write a statement that explains your coaching
objectives and your coaching approach, which is
based on your values. This requires you to identify:

Your coaching objectives,


and

Your values.

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Raising your self-awareness


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Understanding

Reection

These questions could


include:

Consider how you would


answer the following
questions:
Why do you coach?
Who do you coach?
What kind of coach do you
want to be?
What is the most important
thing to teach?
What do you want your
players to get from their
sporting experience?
How do you define success?

What is/are my
objectives?
How should I react
How do I react?
What does this tell
me?
What should I
change?

Understanding your environment


27

As well as understanding yourself and your objectives, you


also need to understand your environment and the limits that
you are working with when devising a coaching philosophy.
Who you are coaching and where you are coaching will
impact on what you can do, and therefore must inform your
philosophy.
For instance, having a performance-focused philosophy will
not be of use if you are coaching six-year olds.
Being firm and expecting strict discipline may not be
appropriate if you are coaching a social team.
Before you identify your objectives and how you will coach
your athletes, you first need to understand those athletes.
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Writing a coaching philosophy?


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You want to have a statement that conveys the following:

What your coaching objectives are.


The core values that will inform how you coach.
The approach you will take to coaching your
athletes.

To create this statement, identify the key elements of the


three components above and start writing down statements
that include these. You will probably have to revise what
you write several times. Try diferent ways of combining
the components, or diferent phrases that get the
information across. Keep going until you have a concise
statement that sums up your philosophy on coaching.
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How
life affects your
Coaching
philosophy

29

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Coaching Philosophies from Coaches


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The Internet is full of examples. Here are just a


few I have hyperlinked for you.

I am a Coach because of my passion for my work. I am able to foster the growth of my players through the
numerous opportunities I am fortunate to provide. I will mold a group of individuals to communicate, to be
responsible and to hold themselves accountable. I believe in nurturing their dreams to be the best on and off
the court.I developed this into words when I attended the Womens Coaches Academy a few years ago. I look
at it often and keep a journal for my own use during the season to help me grow and develop as a Coach.
Samantha A Lambert, Head Volleyball Coach, Rhodes College, Memphis

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Every Sporting Code has a Coaching


Philosophy of its own
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AFL Developing Coaching


Philosophy
If you're reproducing exactly what
you did previously, then the best you
can do is come a good second. Why?
Because someone has already taken
your bench mark and added
something better and diferent to it.
(David Parkin, 2015).

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MY COACHING PHILOSOPHY - HEAD WOMEN'S SOCCER


COACH
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Coaching Elithe Athletes


Competition must be the basis upon which the team's mental and
physical training is based. As a team, we chart everything that we do.
A team is a collection of individuals, but for a team to be successful it
must be much more than that. A successful team is a group of
individuals driven by a common goal. (Latte, 2005).

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Coaching is teaching: A coaching philosophy


to build upon
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Coaching junior athletes

Coaches have the same obligation as all teachers, except that we


may have more moral- and life-shaping inuence over our players
than anyone else outside of their families.
Excellence and professionalism are the key to being successful as
a coach. Regardless of the level you coach, you should always act
as a professional.
As coaches, we have to push kids more correctly get them to
push themselves to reach their potential.
(Grabowski, 2014)

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34

Process versus Outcome


In my opinion, every coaching philosophy should have a
major statement on how the coach views the results of both
training and competition.
I cannot stress enough the importance of educating athletes
that it is more important to focus on their process of
development and how they performed in competition
rather than the results or outcomes that they achieved.
In a race or game there can be only one winner. Does that
mean everyone else is a loser?
(Reynolds, Track and Field, 2010).

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