Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Information concepts
General Systems Theory
DP, IP, IT, ICT, IS
Information Systems
supporting business
functions
Information concepts
Data
Information
Information attributes
Types of processing
Data
Data is a collection of
facts, such as values or
measurements.
It can be numbers, words
or measurements
Examples
Data thermometer readings of temperature
taken every hour:
16.0, 17.0, 16.0, 18.5, 17.0,15.5.
Transformation
Types of Data
Data
Represented by
Alphanumeric data
Image data
Audio data
Video data
Data Information
Data
Transformation
Information
Examples of processing
Sorting
Summarising
Classifying
Comparing
Calculating
Information
The processed data, which
has been given some
meaning and is useful for
decision making
Example Payroll system
Pay slips with details of
income and deductions and
net pay
Information attributes
Accuracy
Meaningfulness / Relevance
Timeliness
Adequacy
Completeness
explicitness
Accuracy
Information must be free from
errors and clear in its meaning
Accuracy means the information
is free from bias
Inaccurate information may result
in wrong decisions being made
Relevence
Information is said to be relevant
if it answers specifically to the
recipient what, where, when, who
etc.
Information supplied should be
able to meet all the needs of the
recipient to make appropriate
decisions
Timeliness
Information must reach the
recipient within prescribed time
frame (at the right time)
information delayed is
information denied
Delays affects decision making
adversely
Adequacy
Information should be of
sufficient quantity covering all
the related aspects of the
situation or event
Completeness
Information should be
complete and should satisfy
all the needs
Explicitness
Information is said to be good
quality if it does not require
further analysis by the
recipient to make decisions
It helps managers to make
decisions without wasting time
by reanalysing it
Characteristics Of
Information
Improves representation of
an entity
Updates the level of
knowledge
Has a surprise value
Reduces uncertainty
Aids in decision making
WHAT IS A SYSTEM
System is defined as a set of
elements arranged in an orderly
manner to accomplish an
objective.
A set of elements or
components that interact to
accomplish goals
Customer
Maintenance
Component
Order Entry
Component
Order Fulfillment
Component
Elements of a system
Input
Process
Output
System Example
Elements
System
Inputs
Movie
Actors,
director, staff,
sets,
equipment
Processin
g
elements
Filming,
editing,
special
effects,
distributio
n
Goal
Outputs
Finished
film
delivered
to movie
studio
Entertaini
ng movie,
film
awards,
profits
Characteristics of a system
Sub components (subsystems)
Interfaces / Relationships
Boundary (physical or
conceptual)
Environment
Goal(s)
Examples of systems
System
Computer
Elements
Input, process and output devices.
Operating system, compilers, packages,
DBMS, personnel.
Objective
Process the data and provide information.
WHAT IS AN INFORMATION
SYSTEM
A combination of people, machines
activities aimed at the gathering
processing of data to supply
information needs of people inside
outside the organization
and
and
the
and
Activities of an IS
Environment
Organisation
Input
Processing
Feedback
Output
Components of an IS
People
Information
Procedures
Data
Information Technology
Components of an IS
External Environment
People
Organisation
Information
System
Technology
Data Processing
It is the process of converting raw
data into meaningful information.
Data processing involves:
Sorting
Summarising
Classifying
Comparing
Calculating
Information Processing
This is the retrieval,
manipulation, output, storage
and dissemination of
information by a computer
system.
Similar to data processing
Information Technology
Information technology is the
use of computers and software
to manage information.
The development, installation,
and implementation of
computer systems and
applications.
Computer-based
Information Systems (CBIS)
A CBIS is composed of
Hardware
Software
Databases
Telecommunications
People
Procedures
Parts of a CBIS
Five parts
Hardware
Software
Database
Telecommunications
Networks
IS supporting main
business functions