2.

3: EUKARYOTIC CELLS

2.3.1, 2.3.2: Liver cell

2.3.3: Electron micrograph of liver

cell (rat)

Glycogen

2.3.4: Prokaryotic VS Eukaryotic cell

FEATURE

Prokaryotic cell

Eukaryotic cell

DNA

Naked DNA

DNA associated
with proteins

Ribosomes

70s

80s

DNA

DNA inside the

cytoplasm

DNA enclosed
by a membrane

Mitochondria

no

yes

Internal
membranes

no

yes

2.3.5: State three differences between plant and animal cells

1.
2.
3.
4.

Plant cells have large vacuoles and animal cells do not

have large vacuoles.
Plant cells have a cell wall and animal cells do not have a
cell wall.
Plant cells (may) have chloroplasts and animals do not
have chloroplasts.
Plant cells store excess glucose as starch and animal cells
store excess glucose as glycogen.

2.3.6: Outline two roles of extra cellular components

The plant cell wall
maintains cell shape,
prevents excessive
water uptake, and hold
the whole plant up
against the force of
gravity.

Glycoproteins

Animal cells secrete

glycoproteins that
form the extracellular
matrix. This functions
Animal cells secrete glycoproteins, which are composed of a protein and a
in support, adhesion
carbohydrate.
and movement.
Glycoproteins
are used in proteins that are located in the extracellular
matrix (the space outside the cell).
One example of glycoproteins found in the body are mucins, which are
secreted in the digestive tracts. The sugars attached to mucins make them
resistant to proteolysis by digestive enzymes.
Glycoproteins on the surface of lymphocytes allow them to stick to other

IB Question: Eukaryotic cells have intracellular and extracellular

components. State the functions of one named extracellular component. [4]

IB Question: Eukaryotic cells have intracellular and extracellular

components. State the functions of one named extracellular component. [4]
name of component [1 max] e.g. plant cell wall/cellulose/interstitial
matrix/basement membrane/glycoprotein/bone matrix;
functions [3 max]
EITHER
e.g. (plant cell wall) strengthens/supports the cell/plant (against gravity);
prevents the entry of pathogens;
maintains the shape of plant cells;
allows turgor pressure/high pressure to develop inside the cell;
prevents excessive entry of water to the cell;
OR
helps cells to stick together/adhere;
needed to hold cells/tissues together / example of cells/tissues holding
together;
forms interstitial matrix / forms basement membrane to support single layers
of cells;
e.g. around a blood capillary;
forms (part of the) filtration membrane in the glomerulus; [4 max]

IB Question: Compare the structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. [5]