Nonlinear Modeling with OpenSees

SE220 Fall 2015

Instructor: Professor Gilberto Mosqueda

Tutorial by Alireza Sarebanha

UC San Diego
Material used for this presentation are mostly from OpenSees
website/command manuals and SE201B Lecture Notes by Prof. Conte.

OpenSees
OpenSees is a software framework for building finite element applications in
structural and geotechnical systems.
These applications run on both sequential, parallel, and distributed computer
systems.
A framework IS a set of cooperating software components for building
applications in a specific domain.
The OpenSees framework is written primarily in the object oriented language
C++; though other languages namely C and Fortran are also used.
Existing Softwares short comes:
Embedding of computational procedures in codes makes it difficult to experiment
(integration schemes, algorithms, solvers) and take advantage of computing
technology (Parallel & Grid Computing)
Closed-sourcewas/is the norm, whereas other fields have adopted opensourcesoftware for communitiesof users. Closed source is an impediment to new
research. No sharing of code, building upon others ideas.

Download and Install OpenSees & Tcl

http://opensees.berkeley.edu/

After downloading the Tcl/Tk executable you will need to run it to install the
DLL's on your computer. As can be seen in the downloading section of the
Getting Started Manual you will be asked were to install the files. Currently
the default is C:\tcl. It is essential that you change this to "C:\Program
Files\Tcl" during the course of the installation. If when you start OpenSees,
you see an error message to the effect, "Cannot find tcl85.dll", you have
skipped this step and must reinstall tcl. Note that you wil probably have to
uninstall the version you just installed first.

Tcl

OpenSees Interpreters
The OpenSees interpreters are tcl interpreters which
have been extended to include commands for finite
element analysis:
1. Modeling create nodes, elements, loads and constraints
2. Analysis specify the analysis procedure.
3. Output specification specify what it is you want to
monitor during the analysis.

Being interpreters, this means that the files you create

and submit to the OpenSees interpreters are not input
files. You are creating and submitting PROGRAMS.

Main Abstractions in OpenSees Framework

OpenSees Wiki

What is a Domain?

Material

Materials

Steel02 Material -- Giuffr-Menegotto-Pinto Model with Isotropic Strain Hardening

Model command

Truss Example

Why Nonlinear Analysis

Transformation

Building Model - Transformation

Force Based and Displacement Based

Integration Points

PDelta Gravity Column

What is an Analysis?

Analysis

Analysis
Constraint command
The Constraint Handler object determines how the constraint equations are enforced in the analysis.
Constraint equations enforce a specified value for a DOF, or a relationship between DOFs.

Numberer command
The DOF_Numberer object determines the mapping between equation numbers and degrees-offreedom -- how degrees-of-freedom are numbered.

System command
This command is used to construct the LinearSOE
and LinearSolver objects to store and solve the system
of equations in the analysis

- to specify how matrix equation KU = R is stored and solved

Analysis
Test command
Certain Solution Algorithm objects require a Convergence Test object to
determine if convergence has been achieved at the end of an iteration step

Analysis
Algorithm command
This command is used to construct a Solution Algorithm object, which
determines the sequence of steps taken to solve the non-linear equation

Analysis
Integrator command

Analysis
Newmark integrator

(SE 201B lecture notes , Prof. Cont

Analysis
Newmark integrator

(SE 201B lecture notes , Prof. Cont

Analysis - Static

Analysis - Transient

Analyze Command

Example Analysis

Example Displacement Control

Example Transient Analysis

Eigenvalue Analysis

Output Options

Recorder Options

Extras
Using OpenSees in Batch Mode
Calling OpenSees from a matlab script
# invoke Matlab
!OpenSees opsScript.tcl

.Parallel processing using OpenSeesSp

.Sensitivity, Reliability and Optimization Analysis
http://opensees.berkeley.edu/wiki/index.php/Sensitivity_Analysis
http://opensees.berkeley.edu/OpenSees/workshops/OpenSeesDays2011/B5_MHS.pdf
http://jaguar.ucsd.edu/OpenSees.html

OpenSees Resource
Message Board
http://opensees.berkeley.edu/community/index.php

Getting Started Manual

http://opensees.berkeley.edu/wiki/index.php/Getting_Started

Command Manual
http://opensees.berkeley.edu/wiki/index.php/Command_Manual

User Examples
http://opensees.berkeley.edu/wiki/index.php/Examples

OpenSees Workshops/Days
http://opensees.berkeley.edu/wiki/index.php/OpenSeesDays2011

Conclusion
OpenSees is a powerful tool for performing FE analysis
It NEEDS contributions from others to grow
OpenSees LIKE ANY simulation tool requires the user to
understand the theory and limitations
OpenSees (if features are fully utilized!) will allow you to
generate models faster and more accurately than you could
with a GUI and will allow you to obtain information on the
Uncertainty using parallel computing resources that is the
dominant computer architecture available today.

Notes
OpenSees is primarily a research tool at this time, but fairly
stable and is used in professional practice
As with any nonlinear analysis, it requires careful
consideration of model and interpretation of results
It is under continual development by students, faculty and
other researchers
User interface development lags behind computational
technology
It is not bullet-proof
An investment of time and learning is required
The OpenSees open-source community requires contributions
for the community to succeed.

Ask these question from yourself before modeling

Data: Geometry and material properties
e.g., set span 100; node 1 $span 0;

What kind of Material Model are you going to use ?

e.g., elastic, Steel01, Concrete01,

What kind of elements are you going to use?

e.g., truss, zeroLength, dispBeamColumn, forceBeamColumn ,

What type of constraints?

e.g., fix, equalDOF,

What kind of loads or excitation?

e.g., pattern

What kind of analysis are you going to perform?

e.g., analysis Static

What kind of response do you want to monitor/record?

e.g., recorder,

(Yong Li)

Building Model - Geometry

OpenSees doesnt have a built-in units!

Use consistent units!

Building Model

1
15

node $nodeTag (ndm $coords)

node $nodeTag $xcor $ycor

5
16

Building Model - Constraints

SP (single point constraint)

MP (multiple points constraint)

# Hinge connection (between truss

elements and gravity column nodes)

Building Model - Materials

Building Model - Wsections

.
.
.

# section properties (AISC manual)

Building Model - Transformation

# Geometric Nonlinearity

Building Model - Elements

beamWithHinges element object is based on the non-iterative (or iterative) flexibility formulation, and
considers plasticity to be concentrated over specified hinge lengths at the element ends.

Note, the beamWithHinges element localize plastic hinging at the element ends only.

This type of element divides the element in three parts:

two hinges at the ends,

and a linear-elastic region in the middle.

The hinges are defined by assigning to each a previously-defined section. The length of the each hinge
is also specified by the user:

http://opensees.berkeley.edu/OpenSees/manuals/usermanual/628.htm

Building Model BeamWithHinges Element

Integration points

The beamWithHinges element used here has four elastic sections and two fiber
section at the end. Therefore for output in specifying $secNum:
$secNum=1: hinge at node i
$secNum=6: hinge at node j

http://opensees.berkeley.edu/OpenSees/manuals/usermanual/628.htm

Building Model - Elements

Building Model Mass and Gravity Loads

Building Model Gravity Analysis

Building Model Eigenvalue analysis

Building Model Damping

Building Model EQ excitation

Building Model Transient Analysis

Building Model Recorders (outputs)

Recorders
Nodes:

Elements:

Use: Use exit to finish and

wipe before running the
next one.

Pushover Analysis
Pattern

Displacement Control/Intergrator
Load Control/Intergrator
Adaptive Pushover?
Requires eigen analysis during pushover analysis
New eigenvectors will be used to change the pattern

Ruaumoko Elements

Ruaumoko Elements

Ruaumoko Elements

Ruaumoko Elements

Ruaumoko Elements

Ruaumoko Elements

Plastic hinge zone and rotation capacities

(Prof. Andrew Whittaker