WATER PINCH ANALYSIS

SHEH AFNAN

ARIF ISKANDAR

MOHD ADAFI

SYAHMI HAZIQ

HAZIQ

i) Explain the term water pinch analysis & technology

Water Pinch Analysis (WPA) is an efficient method to
reduce water consumption and wastewater generation
through integration of water-using activities or processes.
Main objective of water pinch analysis is maximizing
water reuse and minimizing the amount of wastewater.
Techniques
for
setting
targets
for
maximumwaterrecovery capable of handling any type of
water-using operation including mass-transfer-based and
non-mass-transfer based systems include the source and
sink composite curves andwater cascade analysis(WCA).

ii)

To differentiate the meaning of feasible and infeasible water

issues

Feasible water cascade gives positive value or at least zero cumulative pure water
surplus
value
in
the
pure
water
cascade
while
infeasible mean that there is insufficient fresh water in the network and are the result
of assuming zero fresh water flow rate (FFW) during water cascading.

Feasible water cascade can give waste water flowrate while there is no waste water
flowrate in infeasible water cascade.

Differences between pinch

temperature and water pinch analysis
Water pinch

Pinch temperature

Systematic technique for analyzing

water networks and reducing water
costs for process

Identify energy cost and heat

exchanger network(HEN) capital cost
targets for a process

Reducing water consumption and

waste water generation through
integration of water using activities
or processes

Minimizing energy consumption of

chemical processes by calculating
thermodynamically feasible energy
targets and achieving them by
optimizing heat recovery systems,
energy supply methods and process
operating condition

Similarities between pinch

temperature and water pinch
Similarities
Is to achieve financial saving by better process
Minimizing the activities consumption in the system

GRAPHICAL METHOD
DEMAND

Flowrate(t/
hr)
50
150
180
230
270
300

Maxload(k
g/h)
1
6
9
14
18
21

Demand
30

25

20

15

10

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

SOURCE

Flowrate(t/h
)
2.5
6.5
12.5
17
23
38

Maxload(k
g/h)
50
90
150
180
220
280

source
40

35

30

25

20

15

10

50

100

150

200

250

300

Commulative curve
40

35

30

25

20

15

10

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Commulative curve

40

35

30

25

20

waste water= 40kg/h

15

10

Fresh water= 70kg/h

5

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

INFEASIBLE CASCADE

FEASIBLE CASCADE

B)
The tabulation method which comprises of feasible and infeasible
water conditions more recommended than graphical method because
to determine the minimum amount of fresh solvent flowrate that
yields the minimum waste for the network involve water surplus
diagram. Beside that, the value for minimum fresh solvent flowrate
and minimum waste water flowrate same as the recycle strategy
which is FFW = 70 kg/hr & Fww = 50 kg/hr.

Mass Balance

Mass Balance for D5

On F

Mass
Balance for D6

On F

On M

On M