DC motor control using

Phase Controlled Rectifiers

 Type of input: Fixed voltage, fixed frequency

ac power supply.(uncontrolled rectifiers)
Type of output: Variable dc output
voltage(controlled rectifiers)
Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

Uncontrolled rectifiers
The diode rectifiers are referred to as
uncontrolled rectifiers .
The diode rectifiers give a fixed dc output voltage
.
Each diode conducts for one half cycle.
Diode conduction angle = 180 0 or radians.
We can not control the dc output voltage or the
average dc load current in a diode rectifier circuit.
Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

Single phase half wave diode rectifier gives an

Vm
Average dc output voltage VO dc

Single phase full wave diode rectifier gives an

Average dc output voltage VO dc
Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

2Vm

Advantages
1.Operation is simple and faster
2.small size, less weight
3.Higher efficiency

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

Disadvantages
High ripple content on the output adds to motor
heating and commutation problems
Power factor in AC supply is low
Overload capacity is smaller
Switching of SCR distortion of supply voltage
and telephone inference may be produced
Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

Applications of
Phase Controlled Rectifiers
DC motor control in steel mills, paper and
textile mills employing dc motor drives.
AC fed traction system using dc traction motor.
Electro-chemical and electro-metallurgical
processes.
Magnet power supplies.
Portable hand tool drives.
Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

Classification of
Phase Controlled Rectifiers
Single Phase Controlled Rectifiers.
Three Phase Controlled Rectifiers.

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

Different types of Single

Phase Controlled Rectifiers.
Half wave controlled rectifiers.
Full wave controlled rectifiers.
Using a center tapped transformer.
Full wave bridge circuit.
Semi converter.
Full converter.
Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

Different Types of
Three Phase Controlled Rectifiers
Half wave controlled rectifiers.
Full wave controlled rectifiers.
Semi converter (half controlled bridge
converter).
Full converter (fully controlled bridge
converter).
Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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Principle of Phase Controlled

Rectifier Operation

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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11

Single Phase Half-Wave Thyristor

Converter with a Resistive Load

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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12

Supply Voltage

Output Voltage

Output (load)
Current
Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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VO dc

1
Vdc
2

v
.
d

t
;

vO Vm sin t for t to

VO dc

1
Vdc
V
sin

t
.
d

VO dc

V
sin

t
.
d

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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14

VO dc
VO dc
VO dc
VO dc

Vm

sin

t
.
d

Vm

cos t
2

Vm

cos cos ; cos 1

2
Vm

1 cos ; Vm 2VS
2
15

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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Maximum average (dc) o/p

voltage is obtained when 0
and the maximum dc output voltage
Vm
Vdc max Vdm
1 cos 0 ; cos 0 1
2
Vm
Vdc max Vdm

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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Single Phase Half Wave

Controlled Rectifier
With
An
RL Load

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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Input Supply Voltage (Vs)

&
Thyristor (Output) Current
Waveforms

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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19

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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20

Output (Load)
Voltage Waveform

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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21

Single Phase Half Wave Controlled

Rectifier
With RL Load
&
Free Wheeling Diode

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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22

i0
+

+
V s

FW D
L

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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vS

S u p p ly v o lta g e

iG

G a te p u ls e s

iO

L o a d c u rre n t

t=
0

vO

L o a d v o lta g e

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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The average output voltage

Vm
Vdc
1 cos which is the same as that
2
of a purely resistive load.
The following points are to be noted
For low value of inductance, the load current
tends to become discontinuous.
Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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During the period to

the load current is carried by the SCR.
During the period to load current is
carried by the free wheeling diode.
The value of depends on the value of
R and L and the forward resistance
of the FWD.
Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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For Large Load Inductance

the load current does not reach zero, &
we obtain continuous load current
i0

t1

t2

t3

t4

SCR

FW D

SCR

FW D

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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Single Phase Half Wave

Controlled Rectifier With
A
General Load

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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28

iO
+

vS

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

L
+

vO

E
29
29

vO

L o a d v o lta g e
E
0

iO

Im
0

L o a d c u rren t

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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 Average output voltage V0 =Vm/2 (1+cos)

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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Single Phase
Full Wave Bridge Controlled Rectifier
2 types of FW Bridge Controlled Rectifiers are
Half Controlled Bridge Converter
(Semi-Converter)
Fully Controlled Bridge Converter
(Full Converter)

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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Single Phase
Full Wave Half Controlled Bridge
Converter
(Single Phase Semi Converter)

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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Waveforms of
single phase semi-converter
with general load & FWD
for > 900

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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Single Quadrant
Operation
Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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Load Voltage & Load Current

Waveform of Single Phase Semi
Converter for
< 900
& Continuous load current operation

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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vO

iO

()

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

()
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40

VO dc
VO dc
VO dc
VO dc
VO dc

1
Vdc
vO .d t

t 0

1
Vdc Vm sin t.d t

Vm
Vdc
cos t

Vm
Vdc cos cos ; cos 1

Vm
Vdc
1 cos

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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Vdc can be varied from a max.

2Vm
value of
to 0 by varying from 0 to .

For 0, The max. dc o/p voltage obtained is

2Vm
Vdc max Vdm

Normalized dc o/p voltage is

Vm
1 cos
Vdc
1
Vdcn Vn

1 cos
Vdn
2
2Vm

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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Single Phase Full Wave

Full Converter
(Fully Controlled Bridge
Converter)
With R,L, & E Load

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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Waveforms of
Single Phase Full Converter
Assuming Continuous (Constant
Load Current)
&
Ripple Free Load Current
Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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C o n s ta n t L o a d C u rr e n t
iO = Ia

iO
Ia

iT 1
&

iT 2

&

iT 4

Ia

Ia

iT 3

Ia
t

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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The average dc output voltage

can be determined by using the expression

1
VO dc Vdc
vO .d t ;
2 0

The o/p voltage waveform consists of two o/p

2

pulses during the input supply time period of

0 to 2 radians. Hence the Average or dc
o/p voltage can be calculated as
Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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49


2
Vdc
Vm sin t.d t
2

2Vm

Vdc
cos t
2
2Vm
Vdc
cos

VO dc
VO dc
VO dc

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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Maximum average dc output voltage is

calculated for a trigger angle 0
and is obtained as
2Vm
2Vm
Vdc max Vdm
cos 0

2Vm
Vdc max Vdm

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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 During the period from t = to the input voltage

vS and the input current iS are both positive and the
power flows from the supply to the load.
The converter is said to be operated in the
rectification mode
Controlled Rectifier Operation
for 0 < < 900

Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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 During the period from t = to (+), the

input voltage vS is negative and the input
current iS is positive and the output power
becomes negative and there will be reverse
power flow from the load circuit to the supply.
The converter is said to be operated in the
inversion mode.
Line Commutated Inverter Operation
for 900 < < 1800
Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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Two Quadrant Operation

of a Single Phase Full Converter
0< < 900

Controlled Rectifier
Operation
900< <1800
Line Commutated
Inverter Operation
Power Electronics by Prof. M. Madhusudhan Rao

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