CHEMICAL REACTION

Chemical Reaction

A process that transform one or

more substances into another
set of substances

Chemical changes

Change in composition

Example:
Ethyl alcohol + Oxygen
dioxide +

Carbon
Water

Lead Dioxide
Oxygen
Gasoline + Oxygen
+

Lead Oxide +

Carbon dioxide
water

Law of Conservation of Mass

In a chemical reaction:

Mass before
reaction
Reactants

Mass of reactants
consumed

Mass after
reaction
Products

Mass of products
produced

Reactants substances that are

consumed in a reaction
Products substances that are produced
or formed in a reaction

Example:
Ethyl alcohol + Oxygen
dioxide

Carbon

+
Water
Lead Dioxide
Oxygen

Lead Oxide +

Sample Problem:
If 2 g of iron is heated with chlorine gas, 5.81 g of
ferric chloride forms. How much chlorine was used
up in the reaction?
Iron + Chlorine
Mass of Fe + Mass of Cl =

Ferric Chloride
Mass of FeCl 3

Mass of Cl = Mass of FeCl 3 Mass of Fe

= 5.81 g 2g
= 3.81 g

Chemical Equation

The symbolic representation of a chemical

reaction where the reactant entities are given on
the left hand side and the product entities on the
right hand side

A chemical equation uses symbols and formula

instead of the names of the elements and
compounds participating in the reaction

Ex. Sodium + Chlorine

2Na
+ Cl2

Sodium Chloride
2NaCl2

Notations Used in Chemical

Equation
1. (g) for gas
2. (l) for liquid
3. (s) - for solid
4. (aq) for aqueous
5. - denotes heat

Coefficient

Is the number placed before the symbol or

formula of the participating substances
Represents the number of moles of reactants
needed or product formed in the reaction.
If no coefficient appears before a given
formula, the number 1 is understood.
N2

3 H2
Coefficients

2NH3

Balancing Chemical Equation

1. Write the correct formula of the
reactants and products
2. Balance the equation
3. Indicate the states of matter of the
reactants and products

Consider this reaction:

Water by electrolysis process produces hydrogen
gas and oxygen gas:
H2O

H2
2H2O(l)

2 mole(18g/mole)
36g
36g

+ O2

2H2(g) + O2(g)
2moles(2g/mole) +
1 mole(32g/mole)
4 g + 32 g
36g

Sample
? CH4

? O2

? CO2

?H2O

CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2O

CH4 + O2 CO2 + 2 H2O
CH4 + 2 O2 CO2 + 2 H2O
CH4 + 2 O2 CO2 + 2 H2O
equation)

(balance

Balance these equation:

1.)

Fe

2.)

KClO3

O2

3.)
Ca(OH)2 + H2SO4
CaSO4

Fe2O3

KCl + O2

H 2O +

Balance these equation

1.)

2.)

4 Fe

3O2

2KClO3

3.)
Ca(OH)2 + H2SO4
CaSO4

2Fe2O3

2KCl + 3O2

2H2O +

Types of Chemical Reactions

1.

Combination
- occurs when two or more substances either
elements or compounds react to form one product
A + B

Ex.

AB

2 Na(s) + Cl2(g) 2NaCl(s)

C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g)

2. Decomposition
- occurs when one compound decompose into two or
more new substances.
AB
Ex.

2H2O(l) 2H2(g) + O2(g)

CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g)

3. Single Displacement or Single

Substitution
- a more active element takes the place of another
element in a compound and sets the less active one free.

A + BX AX + B
AX + Y AY + X
A free metal can generally displace a less active metal in
a compound.
A free nonmetal can generally displace a less active
nonmetal in a compound.

Ex.
Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq)
Cu(s)
Cu(s) + FeSO4(s)
reaction)

FeSO4(aq) +

N. R. (no

2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)

Zn

+ 2HCl

ZnCl

+ H

ACTIVITY SERIES OF NON-METALS

F
Cl
Br
I

ACTIVITY SERIES OF METALS

Li
K
Ba
Ca
Na
Mg
Al
Mn
Zn
Cr
Fe
Cd
Ni
Sn
Pb
H
Cu
Hg
Ag
Au

4. Double Substitution or Double

Displacement
- the reaction of two compounds in
which two other compounds are
produced, as a result of a trade of
the anions by the cations.
AB + CD AD+ CB

Ex.
NH4Cl(aq) + AgClO3(aq)
AgCl(s)

NH4ClO3(aq) +

Ca(OH)2(s) + 2HNO3(aq)
2H2O(l)

Ca(NO3)2(aq) +

5.

Combustion
- a process also known as burning.
- rapid reaction of a wide variety of
substances with oxygen gas.

Ex. S(s) + O2(g)

SO2(g)

- END -