INPUT

DEVICES
Subtitle.

DIRECT DATA ENTRY (DDE)

DEVICES
Any time data is being collected there are two significant
concerns
i.

The time the data entry takes

ii.

The errors in the input data

Direct data entry is one of the strategies used to minimize

both these issues.
You will find direct data entry technology in use in many
places including bank cards, cheques, passports, saving
bank books and tickets
Direct input devices require less human interaction in
order to get data into a computer.

DIRECT DATA ENTRY (DDE)

DEVICES
I. Magnetic Stripe
II. Contactless readers
III. Chip and pin readers
IV. Radio frequency identification devices (RFID)

MAGNETIC STRIPE
Amagnetic stripecard is a type of card capable of
storing data by modifying the magnetism of tiny ironbasedmagneticparticles on a band ofmagnetic
material on the card.
Themagnetic stripe, sometimes called swipe card or
magstripe, is read by swiping past amagneticreading
head

USES
These are the stripes seen on many bank cards, they are read by
swiping them through a reader device
ATM's use these readers to process the information on bank cards.
EFTPOS (Electronic Funds Transfer Point of Sale) use the readers to
transfer customer's money from their bank accounts when they
purchase goods in stores.
Hotel rooms sometimes use magnetic stripe readers in place of
door keys
The strip on the cards holds information such as:
Bank account number
Name of card holder
Expiry date of membership

ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
Advantages
Entering data is very fast. You
just swipe the card through the
machine
No possibly of data entry errors
as there is no typing involved.
The stripes on cards are not
affected by water and so quite
robust (not easily damaged).
Data held on the card cannot
be read by eye so bank details
etc are safe.

Dis advantages
The magnetic stripe on cards
can only hold a small amount of
data.
The cards need to be in contact
with the reader in order to be
used. (cannot be used over the
internet for example)
Stripe can get damaged by
exposure to magnetic fields
then the data is lost
Magnetic stripes on cards are
easily duplicated (known as
card cloning).

CONTACTLESS CARD READERS

Acontactless smart cardis a contactless card whose
dimensions arecredit-cardsize. Its embedded integrated
circuits can store and sometimes process data and
communicate with a terminal viaradio waves.
It allows customers to carry out transactions up to $25
without entering the pin.
They have a small chip that emits radio waves, so when
the card is held to a the payment terminal, the signal is
detected and the transaction processed.

USES
EFTPOS (Electronic Funds Transfer Point of Sale) at
shopping malls, supermarkets, grocery stores, etc.
Steps of using it
1. Customers look out for contactless symbol on the payment
terminal or ask the cashier.
2. Shop assistant enters the amount of payment.
3. Card reader informs customer to present their contactless card.
4. Customer holds card in front of card reader.
5. Terminal will indicate card has been read.

ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
Advantages
Entering data is very fast. It takes
about half the time of a magnetic
reader.
No need to worry about typing
errors like pins.
The system uses 128 bit
encryption to protect data
This means each card will have a
specific key. In encryption, there is an
algorithm and after applying this
algorithm the desired result should be
obtained.

Retailers dont get access tom

customers credit/debit card
information.

Dis advantages
They are expensive.
Can take money twice if
customer uses it as a chip and
pin.
Transactions limited to a small
value
If your card is stolen, it is easy
to make payments for the thief
as no pin is needed.
Sometimes transactions can
happen when customer is in
the line if the detector picks
signals from your card

CHIP AND PIN READERS

These allow people to pay for goods and services
electronically at EFTPOS terminals (electronic funds
transfer point of sale).
The chip and pin reader works by inserting a bank/credit
card into a slot and then entering a PIN (personal
identification number).
The reader also has a small screen that gives instructions
to the operator.
They are similar to contactless system except
1. Customers have to enter a PIN always.
2. Cards dont use RF tech (radio frequency)

USES
The PIN ensures that the person with the bank card is the
genuine owner. Only the owner of the card should know
the PIN and money can only be transferred with the
correct number.
Used to make secure payments for goods and services in
Supermarkets
Restaurants
Cafes
Buying petrol

ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
Advantages

Dis advantages

More secure than magnetic stripe

readers as the user needs to
know the correct PIN.
Information contained on the chip
is harder to clone (copy) than it is
to copy magnetic stripes .
Chips can hold more data than
magnetic stripes can.
Chip and PIN Readers are
portable so they can be brought
to you (waiter in a restaurant for
example)

It is possible to forget your

PIN which means you
cannot make payments
with your card

RADIO FREQUENCY ID READER

(RFID)

Radio Frequency Identification readers (RFID) consist

of:
An integrated circuit/microchip to store and process
information

An aerial/ antenna -- to receive and transmit data/information

RFID readers are used to track data about individual

items which have been fitted with an RFID tag
An RFID tag is attached to the surface of an item (or even sometimes
inside the item). The RFID reader is used to read the data held on the
tag and input this data into a computer for processing
Radio waves are used to transmit the digital data held on the RFID tag
to the reader.
RFID readers can scan and read data held on RFID tags up to 300 feet
away
The RFID reader does not need a direct line of sight in order to read the

USES
RFID readers and tags are used in supermarket and retail stores in
order to track goods and products
Used to identify pets
An RFID tag is inserted under the skin of the animal. The tag contains details
about the animal such as:
Name
Address
Vaccination

Also used in animal passports and importing animals into countries

Being used in new passports to improve speed of identifying
passengers in airports.
Track books in libraries at the entrance to keep records.

ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
Advantages
Can hold a lot of data
Can read from quite long
distances
Tags can be read without
direct line of sight

Disadvantages
If thieves have access to a
handheld scanner then it
is possible to steal
information on bank cards
and passports etc.

Information stored can be

read fast

They are expensive

You can edit the information

anytime

Radio waves can

experience interference
from other devices.

Can be made very small

Tha
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k yo
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